Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Elongation at break (%) 500 400 300 200 100 0 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 Vulcanizates Tear strength N/mm 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Use of nano zinc oxide in styrene butadiene rubber S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 Vulcanizates Figure 6.2: Tensile properties of SBR gum vulcanizates Other mechanical properties Other mechanical properties like hardness, compression set and abrasion loss of the gum vulcanizates are given in the Table 6.4. Table 6.4 Other mechanical properties of SBR gum vulcanizates Composite Hardness (Shore A) Compression set (%) Abrasion loss (cc/hr) S-1 45 43.02 4.39 S-2 45 39.68 4.07 S-3 45 39.01 3.98 S-3 43 47.12 4.82 The mechanical properties of gum vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c) are superior compared to the mechanical properties of vulcanizate with 2phr ZnO(c). Hardness, a measure of the low strain elastic modulus was found to be comparable for vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p), ZnO(s) and 5phr ZnO(c). Compression set and abrasion loss of the gum vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p), 2phr ZnO(s) are found to be reduced compared to gum vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c). This indicates vulcanizates with low dosage of ZnO(p) and ZnO(s) 110
Chapter 6 show better mechanical properties compared to vulcanizate with higher dosage (5phr) of ZnO(c). 6.3.3 Properties of filled composites Tensile properties Tensile stregth Mpa Elongation at break (%) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 600 500 400 300 200 100 111 0 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9 S-10 Vulcanizates S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9 S-10 Vulcanizates Tensile modulus Mpa Tear strength N/mm 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9 S-10 Vulcanizates S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9 S-10 Vulcanizates Figure 6.3 Tensile properties of filled vulcanizates of SBR Tensile properties of SBR filled vulcanizates are shown in Figure 6.3. The tensile properties of vulcanizate with 5phr ZnO(c) is superior compared to the tensile properties of vulcanizate with 2phr ZnO(c). Similarly the tensile properties of vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and 2phr ZnO(s) are superior compared to the tensile properties of vulcanizates with 1phr ZnO(p) and 1phr ZnO(s). Figure 6.3 shows that the tensile strength, tensile modulus and tear strength values for vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p) and 2phr ZnO(s) are
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
Page 75 and 76: Preparation and characterization of
Page 77 and 78: 3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
Page 79 and 80: Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
Page 89 and 90: Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
Page 101 and 102: Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104: 4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
Page 133 and 134: Use of antioxidant modified precipi
Page 139 and 140: Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
Page 163 and 164: Products from rice husk as filler i
Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
Page 173 and 174: 8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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