Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 7 146 Figure 7.9(a,b,c) shows the variation of tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus at 300% elongation of vulcanizates filled with antioxidant modified silica (I-1) and with neat silica (I-2). Tensile strength showed a decrease while modulus showed a gradual increase. Modulus enhancement on ageing may be due to the additional cross linking during ageing. It can be seen from the figures that the vulcanizates with antioxidant modified silica showed a better resistance to thermal degradation compared to vulcanizates with neat silica. This may be due to the increased rubber-filler interactions and improved distribution of antioxidant in the polymer matrix. 7.8 Conclusions 1. Modification of silica with antioxidants gives improved mechanical properties like tensile strength, tear strength, modulus etc. 2. Flex crack resistance, ozone resistance, abrasion resistance and hardness are also found to be increased. 3. Lower heat build-up, lower compression set is also observed for vulcanizates with modified silica compared to neat silica. 4. Modified silica gets easily incorporated and the filler distribution is found to be more uniform compared to neat silica.
7.9 References Use of antioxidant modified precipitated silica in natural rubber, chloroprene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber 1. K.A.Grosch, Rubber Chem.Technol., 1996, 69,495. 2. R.C.R Nunes, J.L.C Fonsecs, M.R. Pereira, Polymer testing, 2000, 19, 93-103. 3. Werner Hofman, in; ‘Rubber Technology Hand book’–Ed. Werner Hofmann, Hanser publisher's Munich, 1989, chapter 4, 284. 4. P.Cochet, I.Bassiquant, Y.Bomal, Presented at a meeting of ACS rubber division, Cleveland, Ohio, 1995, Oct: 17-20. 5. A.I Medalia and G. Kraus in “Science and Technology of Rubber” Eds J.E.Mar B.Erman and R.F Eirich, Academic press, Newyork, 1994 chapter 8, 387. 6. S.Wolff, M.J. Wang, E.H Tan, kautsch Gummi kunstst., 1994, 47(2), 102. 7. M.P Wangner, Rubber Chem.Technol., 1976, 49, 703. 8. K.M.Davies and D.G.Lioyd, In. Scott. Editor Developments in polymer stabilization- 4 London: Applied Science publishers, 1981, 124. 9. J.C.Ambelang, R.A.Kline, O.Lorenz, C.R.Parks, C.Wadelln and J.R.Shelton, Rubber Chem.Technol., 1963, 36, 1497. 10. Robert W. Layer and Robert P.Lattin, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1990, 63, 426. 11. S.Shailendra, Solanky and R.Singh, Progress in Rubber and Technology, 2001, 17, 13. 12. N.L.Cox, Rubber Chem. Technol., 1959, 32,364. 147
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
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3.6 References Preparation and char
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Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
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Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
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4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
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Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
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Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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