Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 8 166 Table 8.8 Cure characteristics of mixes C and D Property Mix C Mix D Scorch time, min 0.438 0.51 Optimum cure time(t90) min 4.45 4.98 Cure rate index (%) 24.92 22.37 Min torque, dNm 0.042 0.052 Max Torque, dNm 6.279 4.723 ∆ torque, dNm 6.237 4.671 Compound with antioxidant modified RHsilica exhibited higher rate and extent of cure over that of compound with neat RHsilica. The cure graph of the compound with antioxidant modified RHsilica (nr rhs brab) and with neat RHsilica (nr rhs neat) is shown in figure 8.9. Torque (dNm) 8 6 4 2 0 cure graph 0 10 20 30 40 time (min) nr rhs neat nr rhs brab Figure 8.9 Cure graph of the compounds with modified RHsilica (nr rhs brab) and neat RHsilica (nr rhs neat) The maximum torque is a measure of crosslink density and stiffness in the rubber. 26 It is found that compound with modified RHsilica increases the torque values compared to neat RHsilica compound. This increase is due to
Products from rice husk as filler in natural rubber the presence of silica rubber crosslink that imparts more restriction to deformation. Antioxidant modified RHsilica compound shows higher cure rate due to the adsorption of antioxidant on to the surface of RHsilica. From the industrial view point, this is an advantage, since time and energy consumption during production could be reduced 8.6.3 Mechanical properties Vulcanizate reinforced with modified RHsilica had a higher tensile modulus than the vulcanizate reinforced with neat RHsilica. The results are shown in Figure. 8.10. Tensile modulus (MPa) 4 3 2 1 0 Modified RHsilica Neat RHsilica Vulcanizates Figure: 8.10; Tensile modulus of the NR vulcanizates with RHsilica Vulcanizate reinforced with modified RHsilica also showed improved tear strength as presented in Figure 8.11. 167
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
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3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
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3.6 References Preparation and char
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Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
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Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
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4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
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Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
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Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
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Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
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Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
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Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
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Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
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Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
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Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
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Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
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Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
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Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
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Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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Page 183 and 184: . Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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Page 191 and 192: ASTM : American Society for Testing
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