Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Chapter 1 36 diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET adsorption and infrared spectroscopy. 6. To compare the mechanical properties of modified mesoporous silica and rice husk silica filled natural rubber composites with those of unmodified mesoporous silica and rice husk silica filled natural rubber composites. 1.6 References 1. Mel.M.Schwartz, Composite materials, Vol I, Prentice-Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. 2. Z.L.Wang, Characterization of Nanophase Materials, Wiley – VCH: Verlag Gmbh. Weinheim, Germany 2000. 3. G.B.Khomutov, S.P.Gubin, Mater Sci Eng C, 2002, 22, 14. 4. J.Kenneth Klabunde, Nanoscale materials in chemistry, A, John Wiley & Sons, Inc; publication, P-10. 5. J.L.Katz, P.F.Miquel, Nanostruct Mater, 1994, 4(5), 555. 6. B.Gunther, A.Kumpmann, Nanostruct mater, 1992, 1(1), 27. 7. Y.Mizoguchi, M.Kagawa, M.Suzuki, Y.Syono, T.Hirai, Nanostruct Mater, 1994, 4(5), 591. 8. D.Vollath, K.E.Sickafus, Nanostruct Mater, 1992, 1(5), 427. 9. A.E.Petrov, A.P.Orlov, K.Ya, Vaivads, S.V.Belogurov, A.A.Kuzyukevich, Sov Pow Met Ceram, 1991, 30(6), 445. 10. C.R.Martin, Science, 1994, 266, 196. 11. C.R.Martin, Acc chem. Res, 1995, 28, 6.
12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996, 8, 1739. 13. http://www.azonano.com 14. G.F.Gaertner, P.F.Miquel, Nanostruct Mater, 1993, 4(3), 559. Introduction 15. C.J.Brinker, G.W.Scherer, Sol-Gel Science: The physics and Chemistry of Sol- Gel Processing, Academic press, San Diego, CA, 1990. 16. C.J.Brinker, G.W.Scherer, Sol-gel Science; Academic press INC; New York, 1990. 17. L.L.Hench, J.K.West, Chem Rev (Washington, D.C) 1990, 90, 33. 18. M.A.Aegerter, R.C.Mehrota, I.Oehme, R.Reisfeld, S.Sakha, O.Wolfbels, C.K.Jorgensen, Optical and electronic phenomena in Sol–gel glasses and Modern Applications; Springer – Verlag; Berlin, 1996, Vol 85. 19. J.Karthikeyan, C.C.Berndt, J.Tikkanen, S.Reddy, H.Herman, Materials science and engineering, 1997, A 238, 275. 20. A. Subramaniam, ‘Rubber Technology’ Ed. By M.Mortan, Chapman & Hall, London, Ch 4, 1995. 21. K.F. Gazeley and K.N.G. Fuller in “Natural Rubber Science and Technology” Ed. A.D.Roberts oxford University press, 1988, MRPRA, U.K., Chapters 4 and 19. 22. Lissam.S.Jalham and Ibrahim.J.Maita, Journal of composite materials, 2006, 40, 2099. 23. Sung-Seen Choi, J .Appl.polym.Sci., 2006, 99, 691-696. 24. J.K.Varkey, S.Joseph and K.M.George, (Rubber Research Institute of India) Indian Patent Application No. 1109, MAS/99-98/RQ/CHE/04. 37
Page 2: Studies on the use
Page 5 and 6: WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
Page 7 and 8: My heartfelt thanks are also due to
Page 9 and 10: The use of prepared zinc oxides as
Page 11 and 12: 2.2.10 Characterization techniques
Page 13 and 14: Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
Page 17 and 18: Introduction of reinforcement and m
Page 19 and 20: Nanophase material: They are same a
Page 21 and 22: Introduction developed at Oxford Un
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
Page 25 and 26: Introduction The polymers are prepa
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
Page 29 and 30: Introduction and tinted rubber comp
Page 31 and 32: Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
Page 33 and 34: Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
Page 35 and 36: 1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
Page 37 and 38: Introduction especially glass and c
Page 39 and 40: Introduction properties, filler cha
Page 41 and 42: Introduction coupling agent in sili
Page 43 and 44: Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
Page 45 and 46: Introduction It has been reported t
Page 47 and 48: Introduction The external manifesta
Page 49: Introduction concern for a clean en
Page 53 and 54: 41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
Page 55 and 56: Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
Page 57 and 58: Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
Page 59 and 60: Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
Page 75 and 76: Preparation and characterization of
Page 77 and 78: 3.2.2 Method I- Precipitation metho
Page 79 and 80: Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometr
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
Page 89 and 90: Use of nano zinc oxide in natural r
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Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
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4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
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Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
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Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
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Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
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Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
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Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
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Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
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Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
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Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
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Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
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Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
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Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
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Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
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Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa)
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Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
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Use of antioxidant modified precipi
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Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
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Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
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Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
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Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
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7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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Rubber compounding Products from ri
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Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
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8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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