Studies on the use of nano zinc oxide and modified silica in NR, CR ...

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Swelling resistance in other solvents Use of nano zinc oxide in styrene butadiene rubber The swelling index of all gum and filled composites in various solvents are given in Table 6.8. Table 6.8 Swelling index of gum and filled SBR vulcanizates Solvent S-1 S-2 S-3 S-5 S-6 S-7 Petrol 1.70 1.73 1.64 0.76 0.74 0.71 Diesel 1.66 1.70 1.65 0.80 0.80 0.80 Cyclohexane 2.37 2.36 2.27 1.05 1.00 1.01 The swelling index of the samples in different solvents was studied by keeping the sample of known weight in solvent for equilibrium swelling. Table 6.8 shows the swelling index of the vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p), 2phr ZnO(s) and 5phr ZnO(c). These values are found to be comparable for vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p), 2phr ZnO(s) and 5phr ZnO(c). 6.3.5 Thermal ageing Ageing resistance of the vulcanizates with 2phr ZnO(p), 2phr ZnO(s) and 5phr ZnO(c) are assessed by measuring the tensile properties after ageing to 96 hours and are shown in the Figure 6.4 (a-d). Tensile Strength (Mpa) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 12.02 11.59 10.95 ZnO(s) ZnO(p) 11.94 ZnO (c) 10.99 10.65 10.98 9.66 0 0 48 Time(Hours) 96 Figure 6.4 (a) Variation in tensile strength of SBR vulcanizates with time of ageing at 100°C 9.08 114
Chapter 6 115 Tensile modulus (Mpa) 12 10 4 2 9.08 7.54 8 8.2 7.22 7.5 6 7.14 0 0 48 Time (Hrs) 96 9.9 8.8 7.7 ZnO(s) ZnO(p) ZnO (c) Figure 6.4 (b) Variation in tensile modulus of SBR vulcanizates with time of ageing at 100°C Elongation at Break (%) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 413 388 383 283 287 278 0 0 48 Time (hours ) 96 239 227 207 ZnO(s) ZnO(p) ZnO (c) Figure 6.4 (c) Variation in elongation at break of SBR vulcanizates with time of ageing at 100°C Tear Strength (N/mm) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 48 Time (hrs) 96 ZnO(s) ZnO(p) ZnO (c) Figure 6.4(d) Variation in tear strength of SBR vulcanizates with time of ageing at 100°C.
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Studies on the use
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WxvÄtÜtà|ÉÇ I hereby declare t
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My heartfelt thanks are also due to
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The use of prepared zinc oxides as
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2.2.10 Characterization techniques
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Part@ B 7.3.1 Characterization - su
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Introduction 1.1 Composites 1.1 Com
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Introduction of reinforcement and m
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Nanophase material: They are same a
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Introduction developed at Oxford Un
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Introduction Rubbers are broadly cl
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Introduction The polymers are prepa
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1.4.1 Zinc oxide Introduction Zinc
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Introduction and tinted rubber comp
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Pharmaceutical industry Introductio
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Introduction textiles contain ZnO,
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1.4.2a. Carbon blacks Introduction
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Introduction especially glass and c
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Introduction properties, filler cha
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Introduction coupling agent in sili
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Introduction amphiphilic di and tri
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Introduction It has been reported t
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Introduction The external manifesta
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Introduction concern for a clean en
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12. C.R.Martin, Chem. Mater, 1996,
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41. E.J.Stewart, J.Elastomers plast
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Introduction 69. J.B. Donnet (Ed),
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Introduction 100. C.T.Kresge, M.E.L
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Introduction 129. E.R.Ericsson, R.A
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Chapter 2 47 In a particular experi
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Chapter 2 Stearic acid (co-activato
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Chapter 2 roll with mill opening at
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Chapter 2 were carried out at a cro
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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Strain-sweep studie
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Chapter 2 2.2.6 Bound rubber conten
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Chapter 2 Surface area 59 Surface a
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Preparation and characterization of
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Page 83 and 84: Preparation and characterization of
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.9 Differential scanning calorim
Page 87 and 88: 3.6 References Preparation and char
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Page 101 and 102: Tear Strength (N/mm) 120 100 80 60
Page 103 and 104: 4.5 References Use of nano zinc oxi
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 5 oil resistance to oil swe
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 5 93 Ingredient phr Table 5
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 5 95 Torque (dNm) 6.5 6.0 5
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 5 97 Other technological pr
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 5 99 Table 5.8 Reinforcing
Page 115 and 116: Chapter 5 101 Hours Table 5.11 Agei
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 5 5.5 References 103 1. D.C
Page 119 and 120: Chapter 6 105 Fatty acids as co-act
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 6 107 Physical properties s
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 6 The cure rate index of gu
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 6 show better mechanical pr
Page 127: Chapter 6 113 Table 6.6 Reinforcing
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 6 6.4 Conclusions 117 1. Gu
Page 133 and 134: Use of antioxidant modified precipi
Page 139 and 140: Mix Use of antioxidant modified pre
Page 143 and 144: Crosslink density Use of antioxidan
Page 151 and 152: Part@ B Use of antioxidant modified
Page 157 and 158: Thermal ageing studies Use of antio
Page 161 and 162: 7.9 References Use of antioxidant m
Page 163 and 164: Products from rice husk as filler i
Page 167 and 168: Rubber compounding Products from ri
Page 169 and 170: Soxhlet extraction Products from ri
Page 173 and 174: 8.3.4 Bound rubber content Products
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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Products from rice husk as filler i
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. Hardness (Shore A ) 70 60 50 40 3
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8.8 References 1. V.M.H. Govindaro
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Summary and Conclusions Polymers ar
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Summary and Conclusion compounds an
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ASTM : American Society for Testing
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A. International/National journals
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P.M.SABURA BEGUM Senior Scale Lectu
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