I527-290 ESRIF Final Report (WEB).indd - European Commission

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98 Systems and services • Advanced Integrated Safety and Security Systems and services using future platform capabilities (Airborne, Satellite) 3.5 Priorities As a result of the analysis of threats, risks, challenges, capabilities, gaps and solutions, the following topics should become the priorities of the EU: More cost-eff ective standardized equipment (at EU level) High degree of interoperability High degree of intelligence-sharing Cost eff ective and reliable communication systems which will relay both data and voice The development of interoperability requires further analysis of its scope and the levels at which it should be applied (ranging from between agencies within a Member State, between neighbouring Member States, between Member States and their neighbouring third countries and between all member states and a centralised agency). Information-sharing forms a large part of interoperability. The scope and the scale of the technologies needed to address the challenges outlined here raise the question of aff ordability. Research investment as well as dual-use type of equipment could reduce that cost. Aff ordability also covers the cost of ownership. Equipment must become signifi cantly more reliable, cheaper to maintain and easier to use in order to reduce training costs. Research is needed in fusion of information. This concerns both sensor fusion and fusion of intelligence information with sensor information used to detect anomalous behaviour and possible threats. To improve the identifi cation of possible threats - imminent as well as more long-term -increased interdisciplinary research on understanding and detecting specifi c human behaviours is needed. More detailed priorities related to border checks include: Detection technologies, including technologies to detect dangerous liquids Biometrics and automated border control systems The priorities identifi ed as future “must have” capabilities with regard to maritime border surveillance are: Common information-sharing environment • Defi nition of the overarching guidelines and principles to develop a common information sharing environment for the EU maritime domain Communications • Broadband communications and internet-like access at sea • Defi nition of information exchange requirements (e.g. interfaces) between organisations in compliance with information ownership Common and end-user defi ned situational pictures and dissemination tools • Generation of situational pictures from near-real-time fusion of heterogeneous sources • Selective dissemination of large amounts of heterogeneous data and information • High interoperability in fusing and analysing data enriched by actors • Validation of information and cross-correlation of diff erent sources • Application of software agents for automatic data mining The priorities identifi ed as future “must have” capabilities for ensuring the detection of small craft and detection/investigation of anomalies at sea are: Detection • Improvement of sensor performance (new technology radars, space-based sensors, etc.) • Integration of assets on platforms <strong>ESRIF</strong> FINAL REPORT - PART 2 • Working Group: Border Security
• Combination of assets (coastal, ship borne, airborne, space-based) Identifi cation • Advanced integration of satellite and UAV image recognition • Advanced ISAR techniques applied to long range radars • Improvement of electro-optics solutions • Validation of information (including correlation of diff erent sources) Intelligence • Better use of COMINT (COMmunication INTelligence) / ELINT (ELectronic INTelligence) capabilities • Reasonable access to sensitive information Certifi cation allowing the use of UAVs in civil airspace The priorities identifi ed as future “must have” capabilities to ensure detection of aircraft fl ying low and slow, concern development and testing activities in the following areas: Intelligence picture • Sensors and systems should be integrated in a network based on specifi c Service Level Agreements (SLA) • Use of imagery from second generation earth observation satellites • Generation of a situational picture useful to all organisations (specifi c information can be added upon the generic picture depending on the type of user) Detection • Low cost/ high performance sensors (land, air, space based) such as mobile, small, active and passive multi-static radars to be used as gap fi llers to ATC/Air Defence coverage • Dedicated and improved land and sea clutter processing Identifi cation • Advanced aircraft identifi cation and tracking algorithms • Distribution mechanism to multiple users of aircraft identifi cation data coming from Secondary Radar Transponders Information processing (including Interoperability and Situational Awareness) • Integration of Data coming from multiple sensors (Land, Air, Satellite) and distribution to multiple users with a need to know Systems and services • Integrated Safety and Security Systems and services using future platform capabilities 3.6 Conclusions In summary, WG3 identifi ed seven major mid/long term challenges: - Unlawful movement of persons and goods at border crossing points - People seeking access on the basis of false identity/documents - Detection of aircraft fl ying low and slow - Aff ordable and user friendly equipment for Border Guards - Interoperability - Detection, identifi cation and tracking of small craft at sea - Detection/Investigation of anomalies at sea These challenges have resulted in the following main capabilities to be acquired by border guards in Europe: - Capability to face increasing fl ows of persons and goods. - Interoperability and information sharing: data models, information exchange requirements, procedures to maximize Situational Awareness at all levels, between agencies within a Member State, between neighbouring Member States, within the EU and with neighbouring third countries. Information sharing should include also Pre-Frontier Intelligence. - Aff ordability: • Research is required to achieve an order of magnitude cost reduction enabling large scale deployment. • Lower cost of ownership (reliability, easy to maintain and use). - Social science research is required for understanding and modelling of threats. 99
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ESRIF FINAL REPORT DECEMBER 2009
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Foreword Dragutin Mate, Chairman of
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6 5. Working Group: Foresight and S
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1. Introduction 1.1 ESRIF’s tasks
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2. ESRIF’S Vision: Key Messages T
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Indeed, certain problems such as ne
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New capability driven, standardisat
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20 SECURITY CYCLE; PREVENTING, PROT
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22 Understanding the situation is a
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24 3.5 Explosives Explosives are un
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26 CAPABILITIES FUNCTION MISSION FU
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28 ESRIF is acutely aware that as a
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30 SECURING IDENTITY, ACCESS AND MO
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32 SYSTEMIC NEEDS RESEARCH NEEDS CR
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34 3.14 Evidence and forensics Due
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36 Ultimately, EU-wide governance i
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38 discordant legislation aff ects
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40 Preparations to meet foreseeabl
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Introduction Introduction Part II o
Page 47 and 48: on research capabilities and techno
Page 49 and 50: 1. Working Group: Security of the C
Page 51 and 52: • Security service providers. In
Page 53 and 54: 1.2.1.4 Research needs Research is
Page 55 and 56: CIVIL RIGHTS To enhance privacy, sp
Page 57 and 58: co-operation on a national and inte
Page 59 and 60: SYSTEMIC NEEDS LEGAL BASIS FOR THE
Page 61 and 62: During the post-disaster phase, aft
Page 63 and 64: 2. Investigation with respect to cr
Page 65 and 66: COUNTERACTING EXPLOSIVES SYSTEMIC N
Page 67 and 68: • Law enforcement and intelligenc
Page 69 and 70: 2. Working Group: Security of Criti
Page 71 and 72: Weaknesses inherent to existing sys
Page 73 and 74: data - will need to be secured, req
Page 75 and 76: embarkation points will be importan
Page 77 and 78: the rapid on-lining of powered-down
Page 79 and 80: Research Needs: Information and Com
Page 81 and 82: STOCKTAKING Research into security
Page 83 and 84: 2.5 Point of Focus: New Critical In
Page 85 and 86: enhanced research eff orts need to
Page 87 and 88: 2.6.6 Intervention The evolution o
Page 89 and 90: 3. Working Group: Border Security 3
Page 91 and 92: The above mentioned tools could be
Page 93 and 94: The chosen system should be adaptab
Page 95 and 96: In general, interoperability will r
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Page 101 and 102: 4. Working Group: Crisis Management
Page 103 and 104: 4.1.2 Work organisation In order to
Page 105 and 106: CROWD MANAGEMENT AND EVACUATION SEA
Page 107 and 108: SITUATIONAL AWARENESS They are coup
Page 109 and 110: ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION AND DEC
Page 111 and 112: might be low due to the overall opt
Page 113 and 114: 4 STRATEGY AND TACTICAL SIMULATION
Page 115 and 116: 11 RECOVERY LOGISTICS Complex crise
Page 117 and 118: ESRIF KEY MESSAGES CONTRIBUTION OF
Page 119 and 120: 5. Working Group: Foresight and Sce
Page 121 and 122: foresight can enhance fl exibility
Page 123 and 124: the like. The underlying diff erenc
Page 125 and 126: Demography Science and Technology M
Page 127 and 128: 5.4.3 Identifi cation and prioritis
Page 129 and 130: Global economy (including eff ects
Page 131 and 132: adapting security to the spectrum o
Page 133 and 134: Enhancing creative capabilities in
Page 135 and 136: Handling high-quality societal fore
Page 137 and 138: 6. Working Group: CBRN 6.1 Introduc
Page 139 and 140: includes threat assessment, prevent
Page 141 and 142: medical counter-measures, decontami
Page 143 and 144: simplify the dissolution of radioac
Page 145 and 146: Identifi ed capability gaps are the
Page 147 and 148: having clear Standard Operating Pro
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Even the people themselves are key
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Extended strain collections with a
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of chemical, mechanical, civil, env
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7. Working Group: Situation Awarene
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Nonetheless, to protect information
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7.2.1.2 Communications A key aspect
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7.2.2 Required capabilities Securit
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Legal frameworks have to be created
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OPTIMIZED COMMUNICATION CAPABILITIE
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all around the globe near real-time
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A variety of diff erent platforms a
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8. Working Group: Identifi cation o
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In 1997, the very fi rst secure ele
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Tuning of biometric systems The dec
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At border of destination country: t
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2. Supply chain risks: The terroris
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Being more fi t for purpose - some
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A Certifi cate Policy (CP) is put i
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8.3.1.3 New practices and technolog
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The Electronic System for Travel Au
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8.3.3.3 Privacy protection Need to
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Mobile ID devices may be used for a
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The key points we would like to rei
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9. Working Group: Innovation Issues
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ESRIF WG 9 set the objective to eng
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Not only this interaction between d
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Role of Public Procurement The Euro
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9.3.2.1 European Security Technolog
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for training and education for secu
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10. Working Group: Governance and C
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10.2.1.4 Research Governance and Ma
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locus of governance is the first-re
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10.3 Findings & Gaps This section p
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which members of a society orient t
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The second noticeable result theref
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in thematic thrust (such as society
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For the moment, improving synergies
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Concepts Concepts are drawn in CSCP
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Annual workshops, ideas boxes can b
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In the above fi gure it can be seen
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11. Working Group: Human and Societ
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Good governance is refl ected throu
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together - into enduring working le
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6. Another research area focuses on
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4. Best Practices in Community-Base
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3. Terrorism and counter-terrorist
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11.2.5.2 Themes for future research
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excellence alone. Such systems are
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ESRIF FINAL REPORT ANNEXES
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ANNEX I Terms of Reference (ToR) fo
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6. Confidentiality ESRIF members, r
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ANNEX II Roadmap table Weight / Cos
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Weight / Cost Estimate (small2- 5
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ANNEX III List of ESRIF Members (No
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PRANJÍC Stipan (Croatia) Ministry
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Leader: UNGER Christoph Rapporteur:
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FERNANDEZ VASQUEZ Diego FERRARI Mar
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STAICU Marcel STELTE Norbert STENER
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ANNEX IV Working Group References a
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United States, Department of Homela
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DORIZZI Bernadette, GARCIA-MATEO Ca
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MORDINI Emilio, OTTOLINI Corinna, B
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Working Group 9: Innovation Issues
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Culture as a factor in the percepti
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DE - security culture as such has b
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AT AT AT AT + Domestic security (re
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- Security is seen as a national sy
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AT AT AT AT FR FR - Ministry of Tra
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Matrix 2: Overall assessment of evi
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Matrix 4: Cultural factor summarize
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Austria France Germany Italy Nether
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UAVs UAVs UAVs UAVs Links space - U
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IT Initial Tranche JLS Justice, Lib
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European Integration: The Dynamics
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