cheenc03a.pdf

SACKCLOTH
SAeRIFICE
CONTENTS
I. HISTORY OF SACRIFICE IN OT
SACRIFICE
men' (A?. Drr. 2 q9X w). and the drerr donbtless the purpose. There are some indications that this held
resembled the prophet's girdle which, in Job12r8, i3 gmd among the ancient Hebrews: and if we bear itr
worn as a mark of humiliation by a king. See GIKULI. mind that the ?a& is worn at times of great trouble.
The sackcloth of the OT, therefore, must not be when Yahwe's help or forgiveness is besought, we may
regarded as in any way akin to a sack or sackcloth in perhaps surmise that such occasions were formerly
the modern sense of the word, md, in endeavouring to , accompanied by a sacrificial rite when n special garb (~f
=certain the origin of the custom of wearing such a , ae may judge from the Arabian evidence) would not ir
garb, we must not be led away by the early Chrirtiau or : unantural. It would be just at such o time as this that
the Later ides, with which it ir associated.' 1 the individual would feel himself brought into closest
Thrr conrervafirm prevails longest in mniterr of cult ir a I contact with his deity. At all events, ideas connected
falnilirr experience, and Schwrlly, Nowack, =od Kittrl (KKon 1
K. 21 11) favour the view that t1.r ;a& is the clothing of m ; with worship of the dead do not
Ihe
cnrli~r hslf.forgonen time, which, rho@ ir my long have cov- 1 ground.
riniied to he wom-r.g., by drver and rhc poorer I Thc kills of Kineueh remover his ropl mantle befo.e donnins
nevarrhelelr =doprcd by the ruling clrrrer on the I d (Jon. 361.1 the 'holy' os-ion rqulrer 'holy' dother,
OCC?S~O~S((C~ DRFSS. $ 2, COI. 1.36, n. 3. Another ! zlnd fhb primary object of the rending d the garntents is p!ubvlew
ir pmrible.
ably to put oneself m a srifeof nakednerr iir quickly a, poarlble
(SChWhlly.Frey).
If is to he observed jn) that the companding
ihnim is essentially a dress for a sacred occarion : (b) That the liseof Ibis specid garmentshould have been
that the prophets wore a garment similar to the
retained long after the (trh~j.) ritual died out is not
and (c) that the sacred ephod itw1f war
once a
without =alogY. The gradml decay is further illusmere
Loin.cloth EpHoD, I, and cp C, Foote,
Uated by the fact that sometimes even it was the custom
"0' '0
JBL 214,.rr [I~O~]). on grounds, it
we= the Jab but to lie upon it (2 S. 2110 1s. 58s).
seems extremely probable that the jo+ was pre.eminently
and 'hat in later Jewish times the rending of the garments
war confined to a small slit (Norack. ffA 11931.
a sacred
it agrees with ,hir interpretation
we it worn people Of 'I1 On any
especially solemn occasion (I Ch. 21 x6 Joel 1 i) Dan. 93
1 Macc. S17 z Macc, 1015 etc.).
In "iew of what hs, heen an the bear.
ing of ides, of holiness upon such a matter ar, dress.% a
3, my worn. the custoln
may be
G~~~~~~ that
have come in contact with holy things are unfit for
common use, and in early Arabia certain rites were prformed
either in a naked state or in clothes reserved for
U'ild r. ~rnz'r m.1 5~ #lief uar (I dh Wo~>hip(S 1'16)
I.:.CI 1.1 Cmru: . ~::ritP ;). ~ ' ~ ~ ~ U . * ~ J O d~ deer . i (9 ~ 19). ~
F;:.'ling\ ,$ ,. .A~~,:"l,,r~' ,",I .~:. (8 (S ! ,. 6 re,&,. ,"a ,e"~s,# 2,)
-pr#. 6 . c ~rt c. ,I +J). Z(bak?n!'>'iA S #,,! s.%cncc .cn,",). 1.u.. I.zr:.($rl)
I'~.JI,~. .,:r,lbl
vtc~,~",a:.Icb. .t# LjJI f"."u:'ion oT,.r,ple(( 91,
Pr.tn,io7 I y b:*r; .(-A
Sum,,' a"c a.*sio* ,of ucrLnC.2 ( I ~ L
Sce the literature rr the end of hloun~~~c CDETOXE; also
Schwally, Das Lr&r nab d Tudr (rbs), nfl, Fmy, Td,
Saelrw2oube, em. (TS~S), 34z
On sackcloth and n&edneu, cp Jutrow, zATW22nl$
(XPZI. which app-red since the above article war writren.
S. 4. C.
wxAmENT (5ac7amentum. the Vg. rendwing of
PU-~~PW
in Eph. 19 33 539 Col. 127 I Tim. 3x6 Rev.
12'177). See MysTEny, !35.
SACRED (I~pac) I Cor. 9x3 1 Tim. 315 RV. See
AND UNCLEAN, 5 I. 8.
CLEAN
11. DESCRIPTION OF DEVELOPED JEWISH SYSTEM
Introductoly (8 131. Thaokofferin (P 296). Libation* (O 35).
Offering in g~eral: speder R y) Oblarionr zoflibrtionr (88 3031zj Incons- d r (g 36).
%=I= public* a privata ($ "5). FmnLincearc; rlt (% 3x6).
Public 2mcula ($ j?).
i. Pn'z~tn: ii Pdlm: Sapegoat: red helfer ($ 38).
Burnt and tmrpar, offering (8 16fl. m y holocaurtr ad obl.tionr (8 3,). Installillrnon of priertr (g 394.
Sin offering ($ ~8.). Sabbaths and festivals (D 33). Cmle~md~n of nlrar (8 3gb).,
Peculiar pmculn (6 286). Shewbread (8 34.). P-ce offuinp in sacra publlca (8 $0).
Pesrr oacringr (g "9.). Pccullr oblatxom (( 3+6).
111. BELIEFS AND IDEAS
Ar a W to God (8 (I). Effect 01 sacrifice (s 451. S~ach. Philo (O so).
~ ~ ~ 1e-t~ ~ i ($ f 42). ~ i ~ l Theory of bloal atonement (B ~ ~ h ~ l : eRlca.~.ofsacriC~~($51).
~ i l ~ ~ :
Blmd ofvictim (8 ri). ERifaojofpacrifirr: popular belnef((1~1. Xoral and religiour conditions of atone-
Propitiation aod cxptanon ($441. he ($ 48). , ment ($54.
Persnan and Greek pcrlodr (% 49). How doer inc.,fice expiate? (% 13).
IV. SACRIFICES IN NT
evuh sanifier : the Go+ (1 i() DeathofChrist : Pauline Epiitles(g57). Johannine writings (O 69)
6 ="I ' (8 5 3 ID ~~b~~~ (s ~8). ~~"vjs OT ider (8 6.1.
Hebrews (8 56).
In x P~L (B sgl.
Blbllogr=plv (% 6%).
I the present article the word will be used in this more
I. HISTORY OF SACRIFICE IN OT
restricted sense, whilst offerings of pin. meal, bread,
The term sacrifice' may with etymolo@eal propriety oil, and the like (Heb. minhth) are called .oblations.'
be employed of all offerings to God; in common use The term 'offering' will be employed ar the equivalent
it denotes spificaliy that class of of the comprehensive @rborbdn, s, well as in such phrases
offerings in x'hich a victim ir slain, as .burnt offering' ('Sih, holocaust), peace offering
corresponding to the Heb. sCbnh (lit. '~laughter').~ In , (;&/en), sin offering (hotgah), trespass offering (xiam).
For convenience. certain species of offering are made
1 Cp Schvnlly, Learn rack d. To&, xr f For the early
Christian rhrager see Smith, Dirt. Chnsr. Ad., rm.
1 Cp Wi. AOF229, where the Arr~ian king tears off his
See h'ri SI.IBI rji,f, Daerr, 8 &and cp genemny CLEAN royd garment4 nnd clothes his M y i? the 'ba18-r, the drerr
*ND UNCLRLW. of the pnitcnt Wi. (o$ tic. 4 pants out thal &=ibmu is
3 see WRS ~ ~19),21,~~, RII. s~l~o, ~,~j:
elrewhere glorsed by i4kx (=ph].
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