cheenc03a.pdf

SPICE-MERCHANTS
gum wagacanth or storax ; Bu#rdplrara ; oromota; Gen.
43- ; AV spices, RV spicery ; Bu#iafia, storax). See
sronax.
4. rC&&, n$?, Cant.8~ (apparently not spffifie).
See PERFUME. PEKFUMEXS.
5. dphp~a, Mk. 161, ete. See PERPUME.
6. bpwpov. Rev. 1813 RV. See AMOMUM. N. M.
SPICE-XERCHANTS (D9$)i?, with art. ; TUN
emnopw~), but RV 'merchants,' are mentioned in
connection with Solomon's commercial profits (IK. lox5),
if we should not rather read 'Jerahrneeliter.' See
SOLOMON, § 7, and cp P ~nru~~ns. T. K. C.
SPIDER. r. irmimith, n'npv ; prov. 301nt ; KV
LIZARD [p.~., 71.
z. 'okhabii, ~-23" .. (bdyvn, . . . . araneal. Under this
name the spider is mentioned in MT only twice-viz..
in Is. 595, where the devices of the wicked are likened
to a spider's web, and in Job 81+, where the confidence
of the godless is compared to a 'spider's house.'
There are several other passages, however, in which,
through an easy textual error, the spider has been
sllpplanted by the moth. Thus in Job41~. 'which are
crushed before the moth' (at .,?>) should rather be
. which are crushed even as the ipider ' 1 (+zy s?!) ;
Mohammed, too. compares idolaters to spiders (Koran.
Smr. 2940). In Hos. 86 the 'calf of Sarnwia' ir alro
probably compared to a spider's web,% and in Ps.
3912 [TI] 909 (6 &r hpdxvn[v] in both passages) the
same figure seems to be employed to symbolise the
fmilty of human life, according to probable emendationr
of there two corrupt pasnager.3 Textual criticism
alro reinstates the spider in afine description of the fate
of the wicked (see MOTH), where 'moth' should probably
be 'spider ' (Jab 2718 1 814 ; but in 6 of 27 18
dpd,x)(y seems to stand for n3o). Not improbably, too,
.the poison of mps' in Pr.740s should rather he 'the
poison ofrpiderr ' (so Grarz, Merx, after Tg.). In Is. 595
' spidns ' and 'vipers ' are parallel, with an allusion to
a belief in their poironourness. See Asp. 6, according
to Grabe, followed by H and P read 'spider' (bpdyuv,
but the text [BAQ] has rapax$) in Hos. 511. where MT
has 'moth.' T. K. C.
For the War or the Sptea ( D'Z~ 3,.3, Nu. 21 I Av, see
below, P 2, end, and cp AT"*R,M, K~oes", g 3. Cp ,,, 'spy
out; Nu. 13zxsf:efc., and ~m], 'range [of ~pyinx'fl' Job398.
Theequation $11=537 (1 above) finds an analogy in the use of
0.3 s 'merchants,' IK. 10ri (bur ree nlsacx~nr,
= .-,
,"
The ~ractiee of obtainine information bv means of
spies as a preliminary to warlike movements was well-
Traditions, known to the Hebrews. Two notable
cases are the misrion of twelve i?l , ,
spier by Moses to explore the region which the Israelites
were about to invade. and the misrion of two spies
bv lorhua 'to view the land. namelv. ,. , Teticho' (see
Jhnic~o. § 3). It ir the forme; episode which conc;rns
us here. Our chief traditional authority for it is in Nu.
13 f (JEP), but it b alw, related in an allusive way in
Dt. lzzfi, where the writer is res sum ably dependent
throughout on the narrative of JE; there i; at any rate
no evidence that he made we of P. It may be convenient
to lay before the reader the variations between
1 1. and 13" are elrcwhere. . too. . confoundd
2 r:,r .-5houl< be ~ 2 , ),712 tRuLr~l. Ce,;md Knrorkr,
on Hra, If grapes from Eshcol; but a further statement respect.
mg the h'ephilim, the sons of Anak, who dweit at
Hebron, made the people despond, and even venturc to
-xpress a wish to choose another leader and go back to
31Y-J. Calcb alone is excepted from the doom which
Yahwh fails not to Dronounce on the rehelliour oeoole. . .
The punishment of the guilty is thus expressed in Nu.
1433 (assigned to J by Dillm.).' 'Your little ones,
. ,. -
.vhich ue said should be a ore", will I brine in . . .
But ar for you, your carcaser shall fall in this wilder-
?err. ~nd- you; children shail be shepherds m,o>
,,v,,.p,.sr, and shall bear (the consequences of) your
nfidelrty, unttl your carcases be conrumed in the
SPIES (D9?3P, ri~al, 'to busy oneself
wilderness.'
with walking about'; cp 53i. 'merchant; but MH nli,??. Looking at the differences tabulated above u,e shall
'calumny,'hnd $27, Pr. 16) 'backbite'; rarmxomc, Gcn.426, iee that the fnst is quite unim~ortant. since the wilderefc..Jorh.21623
I S.264 zS.151ti; mdvirtually 0'7: Nu. 146 a, Criticism, ness of Paran in the wider sense may
xoravxc$ariuuv, hut Aq. S p xc~r~~~xdnwv; D'my Nu. 21 1
have contained Kaderh-harnea (see
Av Rvms., Aq. Sw. r&v xmawr., but rse d$n.).
PARAN). The third is of some interest, because
Wellh. Proif" 3701 Nu.13~ (P) may reflect the
nelancholy feelings of post-exilic Jews, who could only
,y faitlr describe their country as a delectable land
:,an y,n, Ps.106~~). The fourth and fifth are im-
SOLOMON,
,onant because they show that one at least of the early
larratives did not include Jolua among the spies.
4ccording to E. Meyer (who allows very little of the
material in chap. 13 f to J), the earliest narrative
itated that Caleb (porribly with other spier) was rent
"to the Negeb-to Hebron, and said on his return that
ho people war strong and the cities fortified. Amalek
Iwellinz in the Neeeb. etc.. and that eiants too were
o be ;en there. ?he despondency 2 the lsraelites
iisappears, and with it the divine sentence of forty
fears' wanderings. According to Meyer the ol>ject
rf the story of the spies war simply to account for the
iettling of Caleb in Hebron. ' Caleb of course receives
Hebion &cause he acted as spy, not because he
emained rtedfast.' E, however, looks at things with
I 'theological ' interest, and alters the story for edifica-
:ion, while P calculates from Torh.24ro that Ioshua too
4 -- , ,
1 Both Dillm. and We. deny thaf u. jj belongs to P, and
loid thaf the 'forty yenrr' !ms C'Y~TH) are a fired point in
:xadidilion. We., however, asrrgnr 14.3ei4 lo a rpcial murce,
iirrincr from IE.