cheenc03a.pdf

SCRIBES AND PHAFLISEES
produced such a religious development. Our present
object must therefore be, first, to ascertain what the
two of jeivs, designated in the N'r scriber and
Pharisees, really represented in the current theological
thought, and thus to determine, as nwrly as possible.
the character of their party. and secondly, to trace
their historical development down from its beginnings
at the time following the Babylonian exile.
The usage of the termr 'Scriber' and ' Pharireer '
throuehout the Goroeis shows that a conscious dir
,,
of tinctio~ war made between th~m, as may
be
lariters,
seen, for example, from the common
exoreriion Scriberand Pharisees.' boirim.
It is significant ;hat the word 'Scribe, ir no; ;red by
nny evangelist with reference to single individuals. It
is in every instance applied to a literary "lair, as in
hlt. 729 Mk. Im (more specifically Mi. 151 Mk. 3zi 'the
Scribes who came from Jeri~ralem.' who naturally were
the most inlportant and most inHuential members of the
party). \Vhrre single scribes are memt. the writer
usually designnter them 'some of the Scribes' (Mt.9,
1228 Mk, ill, or elre classes them with the Pharisees,
as Just indicated. On the other hand, the term
' Pharisees' is frequently used in passages where the
writer evidently means to refer to individual nlemberr
of a certain school (MI. 911 34 122 rrnr Mk. 218 14, etc.).
J"s?P~"s .is0 refer? to the Scliber .r .thole le~rned in th:
law' (.rpoy.+P"T~s,
B/ ui. 53), and as ' er ,itors of thc law
!rm~gm:,.. c!7ylmi vdpov, Ant. xvii.8~), wcrerr by the term
hop isti' (co+rcrai, 51 l.332 ii. 118s) he may mein the
member3 of the dircincdy Pharisaic Aty, some of whom
taught law. Jorcphur, who user tEe resulsr expression
map,v.ioc milch more often than any of the other tcrmr,
neglect3 to inform hi? readerr (for in Ant xiii. 106) of
theclose connection between the Scnhar and the Pharisees, ph-
ably because it w s too wcll-known =fast lo requireerplmrl~on.
There can be no doubt that in the NT, esoeciallv in
v',. ,#--(, 5rcx , J, ;,t5 I#,.\.!?! x.u#.~t ~t:~. S.raIv~
t" 1'1. r .c... ,%c. ,cr,,, 5 :,lx,' "SLY I ,',m~""7,.~, 85
t, -..I I ,I. >, IL,,~. I (?rz I". ~ 5 m?!? > 3 .:k.....,l ,,,:lt.2fis7
Acfr 61., 'the scribes and elders').
It is certainly an error to charactrrise the Phariseeran
a religious bccnure that word implies a divergence
11, PmeB in creed fro," other followersbf the same
mB cult. Thicwacdirtinctly not the position of
the Ph;~risees,ns they werereally from their
first development representatives of orthodox Judaism
1 The abstract form ,,,v,, is "sed in the senre 'abstinence,
:ontincnce,' Yznr. 716.
? Wellhsuren'r statement (Phadsrirr u. Sodducnrr I,) ihat
the parry of the Scribes "Ada Joms
~urlification.
8 EV's rendedng in AcrrlS5 285 is unfortunate:
meanr here 'a party which profemer cenzm philorophical prin-
:ipleo,' in fnst, 'a school.' Cp Sut. Emp. I .a. See H ~a~ru.