cheenc03a.pdf

SON OF MAN
die, but to proclaim the good news of the kingdom.
Nevertileless he no doubt rraliscd the danger:, of the
situation aed only put his life into jeopardy i*.causc he
deemed it necessary for the accomplishment of his work.
sustained the while by the hope that the kingdom of
heaven would come in the world and to himself a share
in the rerurrec~ion fro,,, the dead.
In Mt.244-36 'the Son oi man' occurs five times:
in Mk. 13s-ig only once, and in Lk. 21 S-36 twice.
Mt. 24jad(Mk. 1326 Lk. 21 zl), which ir alike
41. The in dl thc synopticr, has no doubt been drawn
Synaptic from the 1st aposrlypr~ Before it Mt. inao-
*pooa,ypse. ~USSI the teimiwice-wr., in 24 2, whichildro
found in Lk. 17.4 and in 24joo whish has no
pa7alleI. The second occurrence in Lk. (21 36) is also without a
duplicate; wbileNt. 243, jg correspond roLk. 17.6 jo.
If the parrage which the three gospels have in common
was the first in the original apocalypse that referred to
the Son of man, it may well be that it conveyed the
meaning, ' they shall see a man coming on the clouds
of heaven,' and he will, etc. If Mt. 2427 actually preceded
it, this sense would not be possible; hut there is
no certainty that the original has been reproduced
6xactly or in order. Until iurther discoveries shall have
been made. it will remain most orobable that 'the
man ' was first introduced as 'a man.' as in En. 46 and
4 Ezra 13. This apocalypse may not originally hare
been out . uoon . the lir~s . of Terua. When its fraementr
d "
once secured a place in the synoptic gospels, the influence
upon the conception of the term , Son of man '
must have been . orofound. . If even d uibr roG dv8oijnov
to persons familiar with Aramaic mi~ht st111 have conveyed
the sense of bar.ndid (see § 36), the man coming
with the clouds or aooevrine .. - as a liehtnine - - flash war too
plainly the celestial being described in Dan. 7 13 to be
considered as referring to man in general. A new
,node of thought war llaturally given to familiar utterances.
It was this heavenly man who had been without
a home on earth, who had authority over the sabbath
and the right to pardon sins, who had suffered at the
hands of men and predicted his advent in glory and
pohei. 'The title was substituted for the personal
pronoun ; old saying5 were modified. new ones~fornred.
Where Jesus had spoken of the kingdom of heaven
whore coming he expected, the Church spoke of the SO"
of man for whore coming she eagerly looked. Among
the new creations none ir grander than the judgment
scene in Mt. 25. Its chief significance lies not so much
in the fact that the judge identifies himself with his
brethren, or that the nations are .". indeed bv their treatmenf
of the Christians, as in the fact that they are
judged exclurively by moral tests : men's eternal welfare
is determined by their unconsciour goodness in dealing
with their humblest fellow-mm.
SON OF MAN
Ar d'reh dC-'n"fd apparently wan not used by
Palestinian Christians, d'reh dZrpnhrz is more probable.
But it may even be quertionrd whether Jerome wrote
filiur hominir, nr Gregory of Tours quotes thc i~ordr:
'Surge, Jacobe, comede, quia jnn, a mortuis rrsurrexi'
(Hid. I;ran~. I*,).
It is the merit of Lietzmann to have called attention
to the fact that outride of the NT the phrase occurs for
43, Mmcion,B the first time in Marcion, and a,as
u d by different Gnostic schools.
goape,. Marcion's gospel seenls to have had
this term in the same olaces ar the cattonical Lk..
except that 7~9351130-31 188 3'-34 were not found in
lhis gospel.
From Mrrcion's acgurinrrnce with it, Liermann draws tile
:dndusion that it orlglnnted in Asin Minor befare the year
P A.D. It IS not apprrenf why chis year should have been
ohoren. HarnhcWr conjecrure (Chr~n. ~98) is bared on an
shrcvre and manifestly corrupt pars,agige m Clemetlt of Alex.
nldrli. Lipriur placed Mrrcion's hlrrh at lwrt twenty years
Iztcr, and his arrival in Rome in rjjl4 (ZWTh., ,867, 7iff).
Tertullian~r riaremmt that hIarclvn war the son of n%.irhop 15
icnrcely morereli~hlc th=n thsl of Megethius that he war him.
i.lr a bishop (cy h%eyboqm, ;is n c ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~
i+&h Bilr, aprrt from rhlr, ,here 1s no eudmc. thar i*larcxor;
ar m chdd war familiar with the zorpel he quoted in Rome in
the time of Piur (cp rlro Hilgenfeld, /irirngrrch. 3293).
i ~ t ~ ~
According to Ireneus (Ads. her. i. 301.31 =) the
snostics called the primeval light, the father of all
Use of things, IlpGrar &Opwrol (prirnu? homo),
and the first thought (hvota) emanating
by from him Ad~~por dvOpuror (~rcundur
Gnostics. homo), or uib dvop~rov (31ivr hominir).
This vibr dvOpJrou was not, ho~vever, identical with
the Christ who, in their opinion, war the offspring of
'the first man' and 'the second man' with 'the holy
spirit.' ~vhile the man Jesus, son of Ynldabaoth and the
Virgin hlary, was conceived of as the earthly tabernacle
in which the Christ took up his abode. Hippolytus
[Philorophummo, 56-11 lo9) reports that the Xaasener
(dnl=serpent), or Phrygian Ophites, aiao worshipped
the 'man' (ivOporar), and the 'Son of man' (ulbr
ivEpirov) az a unity of father and son, the father
probably being derlgnated as Adamar (rrxj.
Jerome (Vir IN 21 affiinlsthat in the Gospel accord.
ine to the Hebrews, which he had translated into
Greek and Latin. the statement was
according *2, Gospel
to "ade that Jesur after his reaurrec-
"on. 'took bread, blessed, brake, and
gave it to James the Just, saying,
.'my brother, eat thy bread, for the Son of man
(filius hominir) has risen from those that sleep."'
Hilgenfeld IZWTh., 1899) thiitkr that the Aramaic
phrase translated by Jerome was b'rrh ill-'n#id.
The evident kinship between the Ophite system and
he thought ascribed to Simon of Gitta, renders it not
n~probable that the founder of the movement already
pas familinr with these designations for the highest
=ingr. His raying in regard to the divine manifestsion
as son in Judzu, as father in Samaria, and as holy
;%it in the other nationr (Philor. 6 4 is most re?dily
~nderstood in harmony with whatever else is known of
xis views. if it is assumed that he asserted the divinity
,f man on the basis of the acknowledged humanity of
:od, finding in Judaism, Samaritanism, and paganism.
4736