cheenc03a.pdf

SPINNING
146 19 1514). The phenomenon has no ethical imnrt.
Sarnron shows that the spirit of Yuhwk has
lescended on him by rending a lion ar if it were a kid.
jimilarly the divine rpirit producer prophetic frenzy
IS. 106 ro 19%oz3), rush. cg, that Saul strips off his
:lother and lies a day and a night naked. The spirit
night transport a prophet miraculously (2K.2~6).
jometimer Yahrrk sent r lying rpirit on his prophets
I K.22~~) Or. the rpirit of strife into a city (Judg.
or a spirit of melancholy madnsn (r S. 16.4.
:tc.).
Far higher ia the use of vidh in the literary prophets.
To 1r;iiah. YahwB (15. 313) ir 'spirit' because he is the
;piritual principle in the history of the world and as
such inviribie. Moreover, the spirit of prophecy is an
,biding gift. To ignore the prophet's counsel. is to set
~t nought God's spirit which rpenkr through him
1s.301). In the same sense Hosea had spoken (97)
,f the prophet as 'a man of the spirit.' But before
Ezekiel references to 'the rpirit' as in the prophets
mly occur in Is. 30x Hor. 91 and perhaps Mic. 38.
4 ~rophet so deeply spiritual as Jeremiah avoids the
erm .spirit' altogether: it had heen associated too
ong with frenzy and marvel.
The following %re the chief points in the exilic and
post-exilic conception of rpirit. It is an official
a, hber chsrisma, rpe&ing, e.g.. habitually in David
(9 S. 230) and fitting the Messiah for the
numces' discharge of his duties (Is. 112), conferring
h-indom on judges and martial vigoui on warriors (Is.
2861. It is characteristic of P that he attributes it only
SFINNIN& See LINEN, WEAVING.
SPIRIT (by, rridh, fem. about seventy-three, mase.
about thirty-two times: in 6 ~ NEYM&, ~NEMOC,
l,m,-w, ~NOH, CTOMA, Aoroc, +eEr~h,
'PYXH. K&Phl&. BYMOC. NOYC,
opl'w, OAYNH, +PONHCIC. BOH~EI&, +WC. MEPOC),
originally 'wind.' and so the point of the compass
from which the wind blows. In poetry, which no doubt
represents ancient unge, the storm wind is the h-th of
YahwSs mouth or nostrils (r.g. Ex. 158 lo Ps. 18x6 [IS]),
and rince the commotion of nature i:, a sign of his dirpleasure,
the rriilh of Yahw& becomes synonymous with
his wrath (Is. 44 59.9 Zech 68 Job49 1530). The ridh
or spirit of a man is his dirporitioo, his mental state;
he may be 'depressed in spirit,' 'of a proud spirit,' 'of
a patient rpirit' (Piov. 1618 f Eccler. 78). It is natural
tocompare the wind, invisible itself but visible in its
effects, with the mental disposition displaying itself in
mien and action. Just in the =me way Aeochylur,
describing the changed mind of Agamemnon rays that
he 'blew an impious veeriug gale of mind' (+pcvbr
rvlov buaarPij rporalau, Ag. 117).
In a veryearlyprisage, Gen. 63, rridhdenotes the divine
substance or nature, not necessarily immaterial, hut far
removed from the w~knesr of mortal Hesh. By intermarriage
of the 'sons of God' or angels with women, a
portion of this divine spirit ha4 passed to their descendants,
and therefore Yahw& declares. ' My spirit shall
not continue (?) for ever in man, rince heir only flesh.'
and shortens the span of human life to zoo years.' But
though the rpirit or invisible power of God was not
proper to man, it descended upon the herws of Israel
and endowed them with superhuman energy. It fell on
Othniel (Judg. 310): on Jephthah (11~g); on Samson
1 On this pasrage cp Neu",',~, 9 I.
475'
(Ezek.36~68f:), and to be pou;edbut from on high on
land and people (Is. 321~). Thefulfilment of this promise
is assumed in Ps. 51 rx [IS] 143ro; cpNeh. 9zo Twice'
it is called the holy spirit, Ps. 51 xr [I,] and Is. 63x0.
in which latter passage it is personified (cp Eph. 430).
and twice 'the gwd spirit' (Neh. 9.0 PE. 14310). It
is a cosmic power, producing order (Gen. 1.) and
fertility (1~.32r5). It is the principle of all-pervading
energy (Is. 34~6) and omnipresence (Ps. 1391). It is
the uoOr or intelli~ence of Yahwe lIs.401~). not as in
earlier writers hiqessence. ~inaiiy, in a very late
passage, it is the hrezth of life which God imparts, and
which at death returns to him (Eccler. 127; cp Job 273
334 34 ~+f: PE. 1042g f ). Cp Fr.csrr. w. E. A.
In dircuriing the NT use of avrtpa, the question'
is comolicated bv the emnlovment . . of other words.
Contnrstsd e5pecially of yryche, #q$, soul, to denote
the interior part of man, wherea~
du okE,
sdd. Heih. is thesinele word to denote
..
, " t . 1 9 , .\; .I gc". r .i 11.11~1: 1.1 111 \. I 1, ?re
",.,I s.,,l. rcf..rc,,re I. ,,.econ,r,;t lx.!uc~n 11.1. 51 .r.unl
2nd the m:'cr.~l I?,.! :,m! 1, #