cheenc03a.pdf

SALT, THE CITY OF
SALUTATIONS
referring to a wsdy running towards Lake Haleh, the
cahw~ [Bl. A, nohlc AAWN[~I. bl ~OAEIC T W ~ same in which the 'Aim el-MellEhah is situated.
a h w [L]!, ~ one of the sir cities 'in the wilderness. Winckler (GI292 f 1~8) alro offerr a new explanation
souped wlth NlesnaN and EN-GEDI [g.".] in Josh. of 'raN sea.' He connects the phrase n.ith the wide-
156,. Ifthe VALLEY OF SALT[~.V.] or rather 'Valley of spread Oriental myth of sweet and bitter waters (cp
hum-melah,' is the Wady el-iMilh, the 'lr ham-melah MAEAH). It may be remarked, however, that placemnv
, be olaced . on the site now known as ai-d/iIh. a names compounded with maiih, rndzib. and the iike,
little to the SE of xh. so'we (the ancient SHEMAO~ are at the present day of not infrequent occurrence in
JESHUA?) on the great route froin Hebron to the Red Palestine. See SODOM ASU GOMOKRAH. T. K. C.
Sen through the 'Arabah (cp MOLADAH).
In this care, it ir plain that, rr, rg. in IS. 2539 241. En-
SALT-WORT (mSn), JO~~O,
RV, AV MALLOWS.
gedi must have come from En-gadci, En.kaderh (Kader+
'barnea'), and the wilderness be that of ~rad Uudg. I la, d suu (KI~D, cp SALLV), a family ofs~MEox (pw.),
we mry read ,y ,>,a,: see KENITS,), the term 't" ham-nri/ah Nu. 25.4 (c~AMWN[B], cahw [A], -M [FL]). I Macc.
i a cozruption of 'irjpmkrnre/,'city of Jerahmcel: A 'ciij 216 (CAAWM[ANV]. AV SAI.OM), Jer. Targ, identifies
of Jcmhmee!' ir referred lo in r S.15~: also probably in
Juds. 1x6 (cni, emend., see KENITES). See JERAHMEEL, 14.
the name with Shnul of Gen. 46ro.
T. K. C.
SALUIU. I. (cahoy~[A]). z Erd. 5~8=Ezra24~
SALT, THE VAIIEY OF (n?p;l '2, in Chronicles Xeh. 745 SHALLUM 8.
z. RV 'sar.~~, v&qoilrou[B~l, I Ed. 8 I=, Ch. 6 12% 15 3s ,?I,
and PSalmS [ H~KOI~AC [Or +&p~rfl TWN &AWN; in Ena7 2, Sn~rrunr, 6.
Samuel and Kings ~SBEAEM. PEME~E [Rl. r ~ ~ a h a .
ralMEAa LA]. rbl~ehay, -EX [I.]), the scene of enconnters
between the Israelites and the Edomiter (or
rather, perhaps, Aramites-;.a,. Jerahmeelites), first
under David (2 S. 8 13 [m~]. I Ch. 1812 [ D~N]. Ps. I30
heading [both ow and nl,*]).'and then under Amaziah
(2 K. 147 [mm], z Ch. 251. [see closing sentence]).
The ' Valley of harn-melah ' has been identified with the
great marshy plain (es-Sebkhah) at the S. end of the
Dead Sea (re DEAU SEA, 3 3). which is strongly
impregnated with salt. It is true, it is described as at
the present day 'too spongy to walk upon,' nor can we
easily understand how it can ever in the historical period
have been otherwise than marshy. A" examination of
the text of the palsrages referred to, however, maker
it reem in the highest degree superfluous to choose
this ~ife for the famous battlefield. It is olausible
(Biihi, Pol 88)% to identify the 'valley of ham-mr(ah'
with the Wcidy el~hliIh, one of the two wadys into
which the W. e;-Stdo' parts at Beerrheba. This rrady
and the l*T er~Sebo' may be remrded as forming a
JerabmeeEies. Most prohably we should read o?! ('Aram.'a
popvlar corruption of Jcrahmeel) instead of 055 in all the
pas?apes quoted above, except the larr (zCh.2Srx), where
7'*-'1 ih0"Id be emended into ?xy,p--i.e., the Mirrita.
Cp Joirnm~;
S*LT, Clrv or; S*LT S&. T. K. C.
SALT SEA (n$~;l n:: 5.e DEAD SEA, 5 I), a
nnnre of the Drad Sea, Gen. 143 Xu. 343 1. Dt. 3.7
Josh. 3.6 1Z3 1521 181~t. It is an erprerrive name,
no doubt (cp Hull, Mount Seir, 108). but need nut on
thnt account be original. If the gi-AammPIah (see
SALT, VALLEY OF) har arisen, by a popular corruption
from ti-ylmhme'cl (valley of Jeruhmeel), the piesumption
surely is that yum ham-m4Zch (EV 'salt sea') has
arisen in the same way out of yom y4rahxre'el ('sea of
Temhmeel'l. which is most naturn1iv viewed as the
on the part of the second editor or reviser of the original
narrative. His theory is that the first editor or reviser
meant Lake Hilleh lco M~noMl. called bv William of
Tyre Me1cha.o" th; 'Nw. rideof which $ a fountain
still called 'Ain el-Xell+a. The water of Lake Hilleh,
however, is not salt. The same editor, it is added,
infer~refed the ~hrae 'the vale of Siddim i?l' . . as
1 The litter part of the heading ir evidently a later additipn
which war made after the pmbnhle original p (PS~LME, BOOK OF, n4i: CPS 18,
:~. ..
\
Z".,.
*,In Gelck. drr Edornite~, m(18gJ, Buhl had accepted the
ordlnary identification (er.Sehkhah). Cp alro EDOM, D 6.
425'
L. .
SALUTATIONS. To 'salute' is EV's equivaient
for Heb. 'D D~$v> $K@, lit. .to ark after the welfare
of some one' (zS.117 and elsewhere), and DI IKW
~i5gb. .to ark some one as to welfare' (IS. 10,
and elsewhere), and for Gk. dari{op" (Mt. 547 Rom.
161 n? and often) whence dosoorrbv, 'saiutntion' 1Mt.
23;ind elsewhe&).
The Hebrew ohrase. however rco Iat. rzIulatio. 'wi~hine
healch') means 'to griet,' wherebr' the Greek includar bo&
greetins and embraces. In Rom 16 16 1 Cor. 16 zo 1Cor. 13 lz
~Thers. 5?a I Pet. 5 if we hrve rhr phrme imdlmdr iu +GA$ra..
(iy['+ Or ['Pet.] ~r.,i.mc; ree P *
We take salutation here in the widest sense, aud
beein. not with formul;e of eredine, but with those
I, timer before his friend J0nathau
(IS. 20,~) ; Jacob, seven times before
his offended brother Esau (Gen. 331). -, The lowlv
prostrations exacted by sovereigns are too fanriliar
to require examples from the OT or illurtr.ltions from
other nations. The prostrations of women before men
(or, at least, men of rank) are more startling (Gen. 246,
IS. 252,); K. Niebuhr found the same custom in
Arabia. Kneeline - will be referred to iater lrre , 6 cl.
The custom of embracing and kissing calls for ftllier
treatment. When Esau ran to meet Jacob, he
'embraced him, and fell on his neck, and
Kissing. kissed him, en. 334) ; and Josepb'r
recognition of his brethren. and especially of Benjamin
(Gen. 4Sr+,f). and the meeting between 'the prodigal
son' and his father (Lk. 1520). are dscribed in exactly
similar terms.8 In the last two biblical parrages
xara@rAiw is the word ured in the Greek ; but in Gen.
$34 +rAio. There is no strongly marked distinction
between them, nor is there more than a theoretical
difference between Heb. ndFo6ar.d nifiZ4 (Piel indicating
a furmi kiss\.
'Parting fr;ends quite as naturally ured these conventional
acts. Thus, after his father's death, Joseph
'fell on Jacob's face, wept upon him, and kissed him '
(+iAVarv Gen. SO,). and the disciples from Epherur
'wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck and kissed him'
lxarrdlhouu. , , . Acts203ri. . , when he continued his . iourne~ .
to Jerusalem.
Such is still the mode of exchanging salutations
bet~en relatives and intimate friends oractised in
Palestine. 'Each in turn piacer his head, face downwwds.
upon the other's left shoulder and afterwards
kisses him upon the right cheek, and then reverses the
action. by placing his head similarly upon the other's
1 on Mordecai'. rcfvral to prostrate himself before Hanun,
see Esi*ka, p 4.
the recognition in HO~.
od. 21
a comprie
429