Solar Energy Perspectives - IEA

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Solar Energy Perspectives: Solar heat Photo 7.4 Mid-size industrial solar oven at Mont-Louis (French Pyrenees) Source: Four Solaire Développement. Key point Mid-size solar ovens can achieve temperatures of several hundreds °C and be used by small industries. Such ovens have two stages of reflection: the first, using one or many heliostats 1 , tracks the sun; the second, using a very large parabola, concentrates its rays on a fixed target. Industrial solar ovens have very high concentration levels, which can reach high temperatures with significant power. (Figure 7.6) The world’s largest solar ovens are in Odeillo (French Pyrenees) and in Parkent (Uzbekistan). Due to excellent solar irradiance, the one in Odeillo is more powerful with 1 MW th (Photo 7.5). With a concentration ratio of 10 000 “suns”, it brings the target to temperatures up to 3 500°C – with no combustion residues. Industrial solar ovens are mostly used for scientific and technical experiments, such as testing the resistance of new materials. Why concentrate the sunlight Discussion of solar ovens brought us progressively into the area of concentration. Before going farther, it is useful to consider how concentrating solar rays allows collecting solar energy at higher working temperatures. This higher temperature offers a better efficiency in the conversion of heat to electricity, in case of a power plant (see Chapter 8), or may be needed to run industrial processes (Chapter 5) or chemical reactions in manufacturing solar fuels (Chapter 9). However, reaching high temperatures per se is not enough – it must be done with good efficiency at the collector level. If the heat is not removed, the temperature will increase to the point where the thermal losses equal the solar inputs, called the stagnation temperature, and no useful energy is made available. Indeed, the efficiency in collecting heat decreases 1. A heliostat is a device with a mirror that turns so as to keep reflecting sunlight toward a predetermined target, compensating for the sun's apparent motion in the sky. 130 © OECD/IEA, 2011
Chapter 7: Solar heat with the temperature, so the working temperature of the best stationary, flat-plate or evacuated tubes collectors, even CPC collectors with only one-digit concentration ratio (
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Renewable Energy Renewable TECHNOLO
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Renewable Energy Technologies Solar
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INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The Int
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Foreword Foreword Solar energy tech
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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Table of contents Table of Contents
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Table of contents Chapter 7 Solar h
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Table of contents Chapter 3 Chapter
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Table of contents Chapter 4 Figure
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Table of contents Figure 10.4 • N
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Executive Summary Executive Summary
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Executive Summary A possible vision
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Chapter 1: Rationale for harnessing
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PART A MARKETS AND OUTLOOK Chapter
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Chapter 2: The solar resource and i
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity Chapte
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity Versat
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity Figure
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity Figure
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity to a t
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity New in
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity Variou
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity as fro
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity peak t
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity Kenya
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Chapter 3: Solar electricity • Ad
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Chapter 4: Buildings Chapter 4 Buil
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Chapter 4: Buildings South Africa,
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Chapter 4: Buildings Figure 4.3 Bui
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Chapter 4: Buildings Défense near
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Chapter 4: Buildings larger the col
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Page 111 and 112: PART B TECHNOLOGIES Chapter 6 Solar
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Page 173 and 174: PART C THE WAY FORWARD Chapter 10 P
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Chapter 10: Policies and linked to
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Chapter 10: Policies ambition of th
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Chapter 10: Policies Figure 10.6 Sc
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Chapter 10: Policies and can hardly
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Chapter 10: Policies fossil-fuel pl
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Chapter 10: Policies It would make
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Chapter 10: Policies In the retail
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits Chap
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits grow
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits betw
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits Figu
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits The
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits esti
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits Phot
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Water availability is unlikely to b
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits 10 0
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Chapter 11: Testing the limits tran
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Chapter 12: Conclusions and recomme
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Chapter 12: Conclusions and recomme
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Annex A Annex A Definitions, abbrev
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Annex A REC RPS SACP sc-Si SEI SEII
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Annex B Annex B References A.T. Kea
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Annex B Greenpeace International, S
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Annex B Malbranche, Ph. et C. Phili
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