Solar Energy Perspectives - IEA

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Solar Energy Perspectives: Rationale for harnessing the solar resource makers struggle to reduce incentive levels as fast as PV costs fall, policy makers in Algeria, Chile, China, India, Japan, Morocco, South Africa and others set up new policy targets and implement new policy tools to deploy renewables faster, develop competitive clean-energy industries and ultimately “green their growth”. The politically optimal mix of options to ensure energy security and reduce greenhouse gas may not exactly coincide with the economically optimal, least-cost mix that models suggest. Yet, renewable energy appears, well beyond Kyoto, as the most secure means to stabilise the climate, and solar energy might become the prime contributor. Structure of the book Besides its Executive Summary and the current chapter, this book is divided into three sections. Part A considers markets and outlook for solar energy from a demand-side point of view, for electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. Part B assesses in more detail the state of the art of mature and emerging solar technologies. Part C offers insights into the way forward. Part A. Markets and outlook Chapter 2 considers the huge solar resource and its distribution over time and space. It briefly introduces the technologies that capture and use energy from the sun. Chapter 3 examines the forthcoming role of solar in generating electricity – in a world that is likely to need ever more of it. Solar electricity from photovoltaic and solar thermal could equal hydro power and wind power by 2050 or before, and surpass them in the second half of this century. Furthermore, solar technologies could improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people currently lacking access to electricity. The following chapters (4 and 5) consider how various forms of solar energy (electricity, heat and fuels) can be combined to match the needs of the large energy consuming sectors (buildings, industry and transportation). Part B. Solar technologies The next four chapters will more precisely assess the state of the art of solar energy technologies, possible improvements and research, development and demonstration needs. Photovoltaics come first in Chapter 6, followed by solar heat in Chapter 7. As they derive from collecting solar energy as heat, analyses of solar thermal electricity and solar fuels follow in Chapters 8 and 9. Part C. The way forward Chapter 10 elaborates on the costs of the incentive systems, and how they distinguish themselves from the bulk of investment costs in solar energy technologies. It then investigates the advantages and possible downsides of the various support schemes. Chapter 11 looks farther into the future, considering whether a global economy entirely based on solar and other renewable energy resources is possible – and what are the likely limits. A brief conclusion summarises the results and defines areas for future work. 28 © OECD/IEA, 2011
PART A MARKETS AND OUTLOOK Chapter 2 The solar resource and its possible uses Chapter 3 Solar electricity Chapter 4 Buildings Chapter 5 Industry and transport © OECD/IEA, 2011
Page 1 and 2: Renewable Energy Renewable TECHNOLO
Page 3 and 4: Renewable Energy Technologies Solar
Page 5 and 6: INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The Int
Page 7 and 8: Foreword Foreword Solar energy tech
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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Page 21 and 22: Executive Summary Executive Summary
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Annex A Annex A Definitions, abbrev
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Annex A REC RPS SACP sc-Si SEI SEII
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Annex B Annex B References A.T. Kea
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Annex B Greenpeace International, S
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Annex B Malbranche, Ph. et C. Phili
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