Solar Energy Perspectives - IEA

Table of contents
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 • Capacities and produced energy
of “new” renewable energy technologies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Figure 4.2 • Energy consumption in buildings in select IEA countries
(GJ per capita). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Figure 4.3 • Building sector energy consumption by fuel and by scenario. . . . . . . . 73
Figure 4.4 • Yearly primary space heating use per dwelling
in selected European countries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Figure 4.5 • Yearly pattern of solar yield versus demand for space
and water heating and cooling.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Figure 4.6 • Solar seasonal storage and district loop,
Drake Landing Solar Community.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Figure 4.7 • How heat pumps work.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Figure 4.8 • Combination of GSHP with solar collectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Figure 4.9 • Combination of ASHP with solar collectorsv 82
Figure 4.10 • Daily production of a 20 m 2 -PV roof and appliance electricity
consumption of small family in sunny region.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Figure 4.11: • An integrated approach to the development of solar energy
in buildings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 • Electricity use by sector, as a share of final energy use.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Figure 5.2 • Final energy use in industry, 2050.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Figure 5.3 • Possible progression of biomass use in various industry sectors.. . . . . 95
Figure 5.4 • Estimated industrial heat demand by temperature range
in Europe, 2003.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Figure 5.5 • Process heat in selected sectors, by temperature levels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Figure 5.6 • Passenger light-duty vehicle sales
by type in the New Policies Scenario.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Figure 5.7 • Sales of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles in the 450 Scenario
and CO 2 intensity of the power sector.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Figure 5.8 • Evolution of energy use by fuel type in transport, worldwide. . . . . . . . 104
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 • The photovoltaic effect.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Figure 6.2 • Polysilicon spot and weighted average
forward contract prices (USD/Kg)...................................................... 113
Figure 6.3 • The PV learning curve.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Figure 6.4 • Output of tracking and fixed PV systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Figure 6.5 • PV technology status and prospects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Figure 6.6 • Utility-scale PV price forecast.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
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