Solar Energy Perspectives - IEA
Solar Energy Perspectives - IEA
Solar Energy Perspectives - IEA
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<strong>Solar</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Perspectives</strong>: Buildings<br />
Figure 4.2 <strong>Energy</strong> consumption in buildings in select <strong>IEA</strong> countries (GJ per capita)<br />
Space heating<br />
Water heating<br />
Cooking<br />
Lighting<br />
Appliances<br />
Total (not<br />
normalised)<br />
Note: Consumptions are normalised to offset yearly climatic variations.<br />
Source: <strong>IEA</strong>, 2008c.<br />
Key point<br />
50<br />
45<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
GJ per capita<br />
1990<br />
Austria 2004<br />
In developed countries space heating accounts for half the energy used in buildings.<br />
1990<br />
Canada 2004<br />
1990<br />
Denmark 2004<br />
1990<br />
Finland 2004<br />
1990<br />
France 2004<br />
1990<br />
Germany 2004<br />
1990<br />
Italy 2004<br />
1990<br />
Japan 2004<br />
1990<br />
Netherlands 2004<br />
1990<br />
New Zealand 2004<br />
1990<br />
Norway 2004<br />
1990<br />
Spain 2004<br />
1990<br />
Sweden 2004<br />
1990<br />
United Kingdom 2004<br />
1990<br />
United States 2004<br />
It follows that the areas for improvements in efficiency and application of solar energy in<br />
buildings differ considerably from country to country, and within large countries. Commercial<br />
buildings use more electricity for lighting and specific equipment. In less developed<br />
countries, cooking is by far the largest energy need. In emerging economies under warm<br />
climates, with little or no space heating needs, water heating accounts for a much larger<br />
share but cooling may come first (and still represents a significant source of future energy<br />
demand growth).<br />
In the Baseline Scenario of ETP 2010, global final energy demand in buildings increases<br />
by 60% from 2007 to 2050. This increase is driven by a 67% rise in the number of<br />
households, a near tripling of service sector building, and higher ownership rates for<br />
existing energy-consuming devices and increasing demand for new types of energy<br />
services.<br />
In the BLUE Map Scenario, global buildings sector energy consumption in 2050 is reduced<br />
by around one-third of the Baseline Scenario level in 2050, which makes it only 5% higher<br />
than in 2007. This can be achieved only by retrofitting most existing buildings, along with<br />
other measures. The consumption of fossil fuels declines significantly, as well as that of<br />
traditional biomass, to the benefit of modern renewable energies, mostly as direct heat, and<br />
electricity (Figure 4.3).<br />
72<br />
© OECD/<strong>IEA</strong>, 2011
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