OECD Culture and Local Development.pdf - PACA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ANNEX 1 • The nature of activities: the higher the production share of local employment, the higher will be the indirect and induced effects, and hence the multipliers for museums will be greater compared to those for theatres (see table 2). Annex 1.2. The ad hoc multiplier The ad hoc multiplier attempts to specify the previous data using possible behavioural differences between tourists within the territory. According to Archer, this is defined by: K = S j=1 N S j=1n Q j K ij V i . 1/ (1 - c S X i Z i V i ) where: • j represents the different categories of tourists ( j = 1 … N), • I represents the different types of businesses (i = 1 … n), • Q represents the proportion of total tourist spending by tourists of type j, •K ij represents the proportion of spending by tourists of type j in enterprise category L. •V i represents direct and indirect revenues generated per unit of expenditure by businesses of type i, •X i is the proportion of total spending by local residents to the benefit of business i, •V i is the proportion of spending that benefits the territory, • c is the marginal propensity to consume. Annex 1.3. The input-output multiplier This multiplier analyses the territorial development effects of cultural spending using relational techniques that associate different sources of production in the territory, thus bringing great accuracy to the conclusions 123 . The main difficulty in using this multiplier is to distinguish clearly between initial expenditure effects that will be felt in the territory and those that will be felt outside the territory, which requires a detailed analysis of the expenditure flow sector by sector. The local economy is represented in the form of an inter-industry flowchart (Table1). In the initial matrix, which constitutes the upper left portion of the table, each vector-column represents purchases of goods and services from other sectors of the local economy, and each vector-line represents sales of goods and services to other sectors of the local economy. These exchanges define intermediate consumption. To this we must add a lower left quadrant that represents factor purchases and payments (wages, profits, taxes, imports). The upper right quadrant represents final CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005 179
ANNEX 1 consumption sales of each sector, and the lower right quadrant establishes the relationship between factor remuneration and final consumption. Table 3. The economy according to the input-output matrix Sectors Users Sectors Intermediate consumption Final consumption Total Primary factors Factor purchases Outlays Total Total Total More precisely, the matrix can be represented by the following system of equations: Where: X = A.X + Y • X represents the vector of final sales for each sector. • Y represents the vector of final demand. • A represents the matrix of relationships between inputs and outputs. We may deduce successively: and: X - AX = Y (I - A). X = Y X = (I - A) -1 . Y X = (I - A) -1 . Y where I this time represents a unitary matrix equal to 1. Any variation in final demand (for example due to a shift in the demand for cultural goods) will translate into a variation in activity levels, which can be analysed here sector by sector. In fact, this system is still oversimplified: a central element for understanding the local development impact will be the capacity to meet demand from local output rather than imported products, which implies examining their relative competitiveness in terms of intermediate consumption and not only final consumption. To this end the formula: 180 CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005
Page 1 and 2:
Culture and Local Development
Page 3 and 4:
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
Page 6:
Table of Contents Executive Summary
Page 9 and 10:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY the operation of
Page 11 and 12:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY new projects; and
Page 13 and 14:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY is the fact that
Page 15 and 16:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A new agenda for
Page 17 and 18:
INTRODUCTION Yet these attitudes gr
Page 19 and 20:
INTRODUCTION a basis for developmen
Page 21 and 22:
INTRODUCTION Defining cultural reso
Page 23 and 24:
INTRODUCTION - the one where cultur
Page 26:
ISBN 92-64-00990-6 CULTURE AND LOCA
Page 29 and 30:
1. USING A TERRITORY’S CULTURE TO
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 52 and 53:
Chapter 2 Local development based o
Page 54 and 55:
2. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ATTRA
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94:
Page 97 and 98:
3. PROMOTING LOCAL DEVELOPMENT BY C
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 128:
Page 131 and 132: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES ex
Page 133 and 134: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES -
Page 135 and 136: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES Be
Page 137 and 138: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES To
Page 139 and 140: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES th
Page 141 and 142: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES or
Page 143 and 144: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES im
Page 145 and 146: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES pr
Page 147 and 148: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES
Page 149 and 150: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES Ar
Page 151 and 152: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES Th
Page 153 and 154: 4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES Th
Page 156: ISBN 92-64-00990-6 CULTURE AND LOCA
Page 159 and 160: CONCLUSION - DESIGNING LOCAL PUBLIC
Page 167 and 168: BIBLIOGRAPHY Bretton, H., (2000), C
Page 169 and 170: BIBLIOGRAPHY Frey B. & W.W. Pommere
Page 171 and 172: BIBLIOGRAPHY Karachalis N.,E. Kyria
Page 173 and 174: BIBLIOGRAPHY Myerscough, J. (1988),
Page 175 and 176: BIBLIOGRAPHY .Raffin, F., (1999),
Page 177 and 178: BIBLIOGRAPHY Walker et al, (2000) P
Page 179: ANNEX 1 This distinction between sh
Page 184 and 185: Annex 2 CHAPTER 3: PROMOTING LOCAL
Page 186 and 187: ANNEX 2 The second measure is given
Page 188: ANNEX 2 Table 1. The identification
Page 191 and 192: NOTES 16. V. Ponthieux S. (2003), p
Page 193 and 194: NOTES 44. www.ntcicfunds.com 45. id
Page 195 and 196: NOTES 69. Caserta S., & A.P. Russo
Page 197 and 198: NOTES 98. The craftsman will retain
Page 199 and 200: NOTES 116. de Filgueiras Gomes M.A.
show all

OECD Culture and Local Development.pdf - PACA

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?