OECD Culture and Local Development.pdf - PACA

NOTES
workers in the industry. The program also allows CERFAV to bring in foreign instructors who can contribute
know-how and innovations to the local industry. As well, thanks to this program, the Centre can now
award European grants to apprentice glassmakers as an incentive to enter and pursue this vocation.
104. Epinal has developed high-quality training programs to preserve the long tradition of its particular
form of popular art. The Municipal School of Fine Arts and Printing was created in 1996 to provide
specialized training in the graphic arts and to meet the printing industry’s need for skilled workers.
In 1999 severe financial problems, due in part to the cost of new technical equipment, threatened
to shut down the school. But the school reformed itself and became the Ecole Supérieure d’Art d’Epinal
- Ecole de l’Image. The Epinal context has led it to specialize in the theory and practice of signs and
images, and in relating image and text for communication purposes, in the fields of graphics,
illustrations and multimedia. More recently, creation of a Master (advanced scientific studies diploma)
in digital imaging with the universities of Nancy has reinforced this approach. The training is
vocationally oriented and prepares its graduates to join production teams (cinema, audiovisual, press
and printing, Web site or CD-ROM/CD-I/DVD) or to do professional digital imaging work in such fields
as medicine, geography, meteorology or agriculture.
105. www.nzte.govt.nz
106. « Stimulating local Clusters – The local growth engines », (1998), Australian and New Zealand
Regional Science Association Journal
107. http: //jquarter.members.beeb.net
108. Pollard G.S. (2004), op. cit., p.190.
109. Training has gone from a classical approach to a more sociological one.
110. http://www.ciq.org.uk
111. The city’s textile tradition goes back to 1469, when Charles the Bold granted Pierre de Roubaix the
“Drapers’ Charter”, giving its citizens the right to manufacture and sell cloth. This charter was the
starting point for the city’s subsequent economic growth
112. Moomas H. (2004), p.528.
113. The Pelourinho (named for the “pillory” that stood in the main square of colonial Brazilian towns and
was used for the public punishment of slaves) was an old quarter of Salvador. Today the term refers
to the entire historic centre of the city (the quarters of Pelourinho, Maciel and Terreiro do Jesus),
covering some 800 hectares.
114. The upper town, now the historic centre, was home to royal officials and the well-to-do, but it also
housed a large black population composed of freed slaves, crowded into hovels called cortiços.
115. Serge Viau, Director of Urban Development for Quebec City, was quoted by Nancy Bouché as
denouncing this policy at a conference on urban tourism, in these terms: “You have restored old façades,
eliminated jarring or anachronistic intrusions, and re-created a formal and contrived harmony that
projects more image than reality. Heritage is not just stone and marble, and especially not pulpboard
and fibreglass. It is much more than the container, for it is the content that makes it breath, it is urban
life in all its manifestations and complexities that makes it live and evolve.”
CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005 197