OECD Culture and Local Development.pdf - PACA

2. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ATTRACTING VISITORS AND TOURISTS
involved in the training programmes for performance technicians that are
offered in Bourges over two 6-month periods. As well, a permanent management
training centre has been opened at Issoudin, 30 km from Bourges, with plans
to establish a department focused on the new entertainment technologies 57 .
These permanent facilities have all helped to reinforce the impact of Printemps
de Bourges, quite apart from the tourism spin-offs that today are considered
significant 58 .
• Another illustration of efforts to put the spin-offs from temporary events on
a permanent footing can be found in Umbria. This region has lost many of its
traditional industrial jobs in recent years, particularly in the Spoleto area
(Liviantoni, 1997). The local government and its partners have made great efforts
to mobilise the region’s artistic resources as the basis for job creation, without
relying on them exclusively to drive redevelopment. Two broad approaches
were adopted. The first involved networking the region’s museums, refurbishing
existing ones and opening new ones. The second sought ways to maximise
spin-offs from the annual Spoleto “Two Worlds” Festival, the Festival dei Due
Mondi, thanks to which 350 full-time jobs were created for mounting and
running the Festival. In order to bridge the impacts between successive
festivals:
• Training programmes were established, for example in the hospitality
business.
• The existing experimental lyric theatre (Teatro Lirico Sperimentale) was taken
as the basis of a lyric arts training centre involving more than 40 people
fulltime (half trainees, half staff and instructors).
Establishing recurrent markets
Film festivals illustrate a second aspect of contributions to local development,
in this case the emergence of markets (Kissoum et al., 2003).
• The archetype of the film festival is surely that of Cannes. Every year it attracts
200,000 people who generate spin-offs estimated at more than €110 million
for the Cannes area. The prime beneficiaries are the hotels, restaurants and luxurygoods
shops. These tourism spin-offs are accompanied by broader ones through
the establishment of media and technical firms in the Sophia Antipolis Technology
Park, where there are 5000 researchers, 3000 students and 24,250 employees
working in 1227 businesses 59 . In 2004, the International Disk and Multimedia
Recordings Market, MIDEM, which is linked to the Cannes Festival and benefits
from the same infrastructure, attracted 2120 exhibitors and 8800 participants
from 94 countries.
80 CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005