OECD Culture and Local Development.pdf - PACA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1. USING A TERRITORY’S CULTURE TO PROMOTE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT in urban settings than elsewhere, are systematically frustrated, and cultural integration mechanisms will be seen as a sham; failure at social assimilation will sooner or later result in the failure of cultural assimilation; the suburb will become a ghetto, whose denizens enjoy internal equality but are cut off from the outside world. The trend in graffiti and tagging reflects this tension. At first, they delivered an explicit message calling for political or ideological revolution, they then turned to subversive messages scrawled on advertising posters and billboards, challenging society’s dreams and puncturing its illusions. Today, graffiti sprayings are seen as meaningless except for whatever artistic value they may have. They are merely urban hieroglyphics showing that the taggers still exist. They demand, not for material advantage, but recognition, which explains why the favourite place for these graffiti is on transit, police and education facilities. The limits of the city are redefined in this way, and public space is privatised. Facing a difficult integration, graffiti artists mark out a new urban space in their own image. It is impossible then to explain a systematically positive view of the impact of culture on social integration behaviour, as it is to deny its possibility. In fact it is less culture itself than the process of creation inherent in any cultural activity that is at issue here. Social integration experiments using artistic activities Personalities and identities have always been reconstituted through artistic pursuits, and the history of the arts reveals a number of works created in this way. If we look at the most recent experiments in local development, the project involving the Cavern of Cork is surely one of the most interesting (Greffe & McDonnell, 1996). In this town, where the unemployment rate had reached alarming proportions (averaging more than 30%) there were no job possibilities for young people, who not only sought to get out of the territory but carried with them the darkest feelings about it. An association was set up to help young people shoot films about their town, their families and their communities. When they were placed behind the camera, their viewpoint changed fundamentally and they began to take an interest in problems and in people they had previously rejected. This artistic experiment was certainly not enough to make up for the lack of job opportunities on the market, but it did have the effect of sparking in them a sense of loyalty to their territory, and the idea that they could build their future there. A comparable experiment took place in Bologna. Although the municipality had initially placed its bets on tourism, it decided to deal with growing unemployment among youth by encouraging them to launch small-scale cultural businesses and to try their hand for the first time at project initiatives. Many of those initiatives survived CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005 39
1. USING A TERRITORY’S CULTURE TO PROMOTE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT for no more than a year or two, but they at least induced young people to invest in their territories, and so to become partners where they had previously felt themselves strangers (Greffe & McDonnell, 1996). More recently, in Arles in France, policies to revive this city of art and history have yielded mechanisms whereby culture contributes effectively to integration. With its outstanding artistic heritage, linking it to the Roman world and the history of Provence, Arles is also a city that has been through very difficult economic times that have blocked the integration of disadvantaged communities such as gypsies and immigrants from the Maghreb. Recognition of its heritage has enhanced the prospects for integration. - For young immigrants, the city organised “discovery tours” of the city, through the Van Gogh College and the Charles Privat vocational high school. Activities included not only exploring the city’s geography but also artistic workshops in design, photography and ceramics, dealing with different forms of built heritage and its components. Moreover, in order not to convey to these young people a vision that was too strictly aesthetic, the definition of heritage was extended to include the banks of the Rhone River and abandoned rail sheds. The experiment might have stopped at this point, but five years later, it was found that these young students were turning out en masse to help celebrate heritage days, enlivening proceedings for the city’s long-time residents (Service éducatif des Musées d’Arles, 1999). Arles had become their city too, and this allowed them to look forward more positively to the future. - When it came to the gypsy settlements, a major obstacle to their integration was the fact that children were discouraged by their families from learning to read, on the grounds that this skill was of little use for the traditional occupations that awaited them. In some schools, and in particular the one that served most of the children of this community, the Collège Marie Curie, the situation was becoming untenable. The municipal education and cultural authorities devised an experiment to have students explore the city’s streets and façades, venturing along routes that they would not normally take. In this way the youngsters discovered a world that was unfamiliar to them. Their curiosity about the meaning of signs and posters was aroused, and this gave them an incentive to learn to read. In the wake of this experiment, the gypsy community’s resistance to reading disappeared completely, and it is no longer a problem (Service éducatif des Musées d’Arles, 1997). Recycling brownfield sites as a cultural tool for local development The conversion of former industrial sites into art facilities can contribute to local development in various ways. It can rehabilitate old buildings, improve the quality of life by offering new facilities in often underserved areas, and can offer local groups 40 CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005
Page 1 and 2: Culture and Local Development
Page 3 and 4: ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
Page 6: Table of Contents Executive Summary
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY the operation of
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY new projects; and
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY is the fact that
Page 15 and 16: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A new agenda for
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION Yet these attitudes gr
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION a basis for developmen
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION Defining cultural reso
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION - the one where cultur
Page 26: ISBN 92-64-00990-6 CULTURE AND LOCA
Page 29 and 30: 1. USING A TERRITORY’S CULTURE TO
Page 39: 1. USING A TERRITORY’S CULTURE TO
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2 Local development based o
Page 54 and 55: 2. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ATTRA
Page 90 and 91:
2. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ATTRA
Page 92 and 93:
2. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON ATTRA
Page 94:
ISBN 92-64-00990-6 CULTURE AND LOCA
Page 97 and 98:
3. PROMOTING LOCAL DEVELOPMENT BY C
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 128:
Page 131 and 132:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES ex
Page 133 and 134:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES -
Page 135 and 136:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES Be
Page 137 and 138:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES To
Page 139 and 140:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES th
Page 141 and 142:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES or
Page 143 and 144:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES im
Page 145 and 146:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES pr
Page 147 and 148:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES
Page 149 and 150:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES Ar
Page 151 and 152:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES Th
Page 153 and 154:
4. THE CULTURAL FABRIC OF CITIES Th
Page 156:
Page 159 and 160:
CONCLUSION - DESIGNING LOCAL PUBLIC
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Bretton, H., (2000), C
Page 169 and 170:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Frey B. & W.W. Pommere
Page 171 and 172:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Karachalis N.,E. Kyria
Page 173 and 174:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Myerscough, J. (1988),
Page 175 and 176:
BIBLIOGRAPHY .Raffin, F., (1999),
Page 177 and 178:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Walker et al, (2000) P
Page 179 and 180:
ANNEX 1 This distinction between sh
Page 181 and 182:
ANNEX 1 consumption sales of each s
Page 184 and 185:
Annex 2 CHAPTER 3: PROMOTING LOCAL
Page 186 and 187:
ANNEX 2 The second measure is given
Page 188:
ANNEX 2 Table 1. The identification
Page 191 and 192:
NOTES 16. V. Ponthieux S. (2003), p
Page 193 and 194:
NOTES 44. www.ntcicfunds.com 45. id
Page 195 and 196:
NOTES 69. Caserta S., & A.P. Russo
Page 197 and 198:
NOTES 98. The craftsman will retain
Page 199 and 200:
NOTES 116. de Filgueiras Gomes M.A.
show all

OECD Culture and Local Development.pdf - PACA

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?