OECD Culture and Local Development.pdf - PACA

NOTES
28. The history of the United States reveals that immigrants will seize this possibility by drawing initially
upon their family and support networks and, if necessary, upon their own community.
29. Council of Europe Publishing (1997), From The Margins: A contribution to the debate on Culture and Development
in Europe, European Task Force on Culture and Development.
30. Molotch, (2003), Where Stuff Comes From?, Routledge, London, p.88
31. Some political regimes manipulate culture as a weapon for ideological and social struggle, combined
with violent political levers.
32. Friches industrielles, lieux culturels, Proceedings of a Conference held on 18 and 19 May at La Laiterie in
Strasbourg, pp. 12-15
33. Les annales de la recherche urbaine, “Les itinéraires de l’insertion”, n°70, March 1996
34. Since they were there themselves because of their poverty and their rejection of the statist approach
to culture.
35. The Radazik, a cultural retrofit in Les Ulis in the Paris region, had to close for several months for
reconstruction following an arson attack. The neighbours had never accepted it, and they continuously
vandalized it as they did other city structures.
36. In the mid to late 1990s these include O’Brien and Feist’s (1995) Employment in the arts and cultural industries:
an analysis of the 1991 Census, which identified a total number of 648,900 individuals employed within the
cultural sector (2.4% of the totally economically active population), rising to 664,400 if self-employed
crafts persons are included in their definition of the sector. The study also showed that the cultural sector
was unevenly distributed across Britain, with the heaviest concentration in London, and that there had
been a 34% increase in the number of individuals with cultural occupations between 1981 and 1991.
37. CGP (1989), Nouveaux besoins, nouveaux services , Paris : La documentation française.
38. The choices were explained at length to 500 randomly selected households, and the response rate
was 50.5%, which was deemed satisfactory. The researchers then tried to determine the factors
underlying the positive or negative responses, and identified as the main factors the household’s tax
burden, age, education level, disposable income, and an indicator of preferences with respect to heritage.
39. The income effect is eliminated in paired comparisons.
40. The choices were explained at length to 500 randomly selected households, and the response rate
was 50.5%, which was deemed satisfactory. The researchers then tried to determine the factors
underlying the positive or negative responses, and identified as the main factors the household’s tax
burden, age, education level, disposable income, and an indicator of preferences with respect to heritage.
41. For the first group it was the equivalent of €58, while for the second it was only €8.80.
42. idem, p. 20
43. Information accompanying the questionnaire pointed out that, without renovation, not only would the
Medina’s physical aspects deteriorate, but its more intangible aspects (traditional crafts, atmosphere)
would disappear and the place would lose all its value.
CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005 191