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NOTES workers in the industry. The program also allows CERFAV to bring in foreign instructors who can contribute know-how and innovations to the local industry. As well, thanks to this program, the Centre can now award European grants to apprentice glassmakers as an incentive to enter and pursue this vocation. 104. Epinal has developed high-quality training programs to preserve the long tradition of its particular form of popular art. The Municipal School of Fine Arts and Printing was created in 1996 to provide specialized training in the graphic arts and to meet the printing industry’s need for skilled workers. In 1999 severe financial problems, due in part to the cost of new technical equipment, threatened to shut down the school. But the school reformed itself and became the Ecole Supérieure d’Art d’Epinal - Ecole de l’Image. The Epinal context has led it to specialize in the theory and practice of signs and images, and in relating image and text for communication purposes, in the fields of graphics, illustrations and multimedia. More recently, creation of a Master (advanced scientific studies diploma) in digital imaging with the universities of Nancy has reinforced this approach. The training is vocationally oriented and prepares its graduates to join production teams (cinema, audiovisual, press and printing, Web site or CD-ROM/CD-I/DVD) or to do professional digital imaging work in such fields as medicine, geography, meteorology or agriculture. 105. www.nzte.govt.nz 106. « Stimulating local Clusters – The local growth engines », (1998), Australian and New Zealand Regional Science Association Journal 107. http: //jquarter.members.beeb.net 108. Pollard G.S. (2004), op. cit., p.190. 109. Training has gone from a classical approach to a more sociological one. 110. http://www.ciq.org.uk 111. The city’s textile tradition goes back to 1469, when Charles the Bold granted Pierre de Roubaix the “Drapers’ Charter”, giving its citizens the right to manufacture and sell cloth. This charter was the starting point for the city’s subsequent economic growth 112. Moomas H. (2004), p.528. 113. The Pelourinho (named for the “pillory” that stood in the main square of colonial Brazilian towns and was used for the public punishment of slaves) was an old quarter of Salvador. Today the term refers to the entire historic centre of the city (the quarters of Pelourinho, Maciel and Terreiro do Jesus), covering some 800 hectares. 114. The upper town, now the historic centre, was home to royal officials and the well-to-do, but it also housed a large black population composed of freed slaves, crowded into hovels called cortiços. 115. Serge Viau, Director of Urban Development for Quebec City, was quoted by Nancy Bouché as denouncing this policy at a conference on urban tourism, in these terms: “You have restored old façades, eliminated jarring or anachronistic intrusions, and re-created a formal and contrived harmony that projects more image than reality. Heritage is not just stone and marble, and especially not pulpboard and fibreglass. It is much more than the container, for it is the content that makes it breath, it is urban life in all its manifestations and complexities that makes it live and evolve.” CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005 197
NOTES 116. de Filgueiras Gomes M.A. (1999) Au cœur de Bahia: le Pelourinho, histoire et défi contemporains, Tout pour plaire Multimédia, Paris, p.12 117. The resultant report suggested that some 18,058 direct jobs and 14,446 indirect jobs were attributable to the cultural sector, which had an estimated turnover from direct jobs of £627 million. 118. Venturelli C. (2003), « From the information economy to the creative economy », Centre for Arts and Culture, www.culturalpolicy.org. 119. Conference on The Role of the creative industries in local and regional development, Alfred McAlpine Stadium, Huddersfield, UK, 12 February 1999. 120. Culture and Creativity: The Next ten Years, London: Department of Culture media and sport, London. culture.creativity@culture.gov.uk 121. Santagata, W., Moreno Yasmin Jalil & Arif Tabassum (2004), “Material Cultural Heritage, Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development”, ACEI 13th International Conference on Cultural Economics, June 3,4 & 5 2004. 122. Myerscough, J. (1988), The Economic Importance of Arts in Britain, London: Policies Study Institute, p. 88 and ff. 123. Fletcher, J. (1989), “Input-Output Analysis and Tourism Impact Studies”, Annals of Tourism Research, 16(4), pp.514-529. 198 CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005
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Culture and Local Development
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ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY the operation of
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY new projects; and
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY is the fact that
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A new agenda for
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INTRODUCTION Yet these attitudes gr
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INTRODUCTION a basis for developmen
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INTRODUCTION Defining cultural reso
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INTRODUCTION - the one where cultur
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ISBN 92-64-00990-6 CULTURE AND LOCA
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