OECD Culture and Local Development.pdf - PACA

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1. USING A TERRITORY’S CULTURE TO PROMOTE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT empowerment and self-determination, strengthening local image and identity, fostering imagination and vision, promoting health and well-being. The method proceeds via surveys and interviews, in which such questions as these are asked: What are the expected social impacts of cultural activities and how do they correspond to local demands? Are people and communities aware of these impacts? What outcome indicators might be used? Might other policies or practices be found more effective? Outcomes are grouped into four categories: improvements in health, educational attainment, crime reduction; increased personal self-confidence and self-esteem; increased social contact and understanding, greater social capital; development of a civic sense, of community pride and identity, etc. (Jermyn, 2001). Social auditing measures the social impact of a cultural activity in relation to the aims of its stakeholders, which may reduce the scope in comparison to the previous method. The assessment criteria are set and prioritised at the outset, as well as the corresponding measurement systems. The results are of greatest interest to the stakeholders, and this approach is particularly suited to non-profit organisations that are uncertain about the exact nature of the objectives they should be pursuing. At this point, the approach takes on certain aspects of the preceding method. A good example is the social audit that was conducted of the Belgrade Theatre. The audit identified five types of effects of the Theatre’s activity: on the arts (number of performances, audience, peer review); on the community (impact on the personal development of participants, linkages with the schools, physical access improvements); on partnerships (number, variety and commitment); on the city (recognition by inhabitants, partnerships with local businesses); and on standards (quality of the theatre as an employer, sustainability of partnerships) (Matarasso and Pilling, 1999). Longitudinal research constitutes another analytical method, one that tracks the effects of a cultural activity over time (Harland et al., 2000). The difficulty of such analyses is that they are meaningful only over several years, and moreover the longer they are stretched out the more the variables change, and this multiplies interpretation problems. The studies generally focus on the schools, where students and their behaviour can be tracked over several years, and their parents can be involved in the process. The impact indicators, which are frequently numerous, relate both to student behaviour (personality development and self-reliance, improved communication skills, etc.) and to improving the local environment (respect for public property, reducing vandalism, environmental protection). A variant of the foregoing methods involves analysing the effects of culture on individual behaviour in direct relation with community membership. Analysis of this behaviour is thus constantly backed up by analysis of links to the community (community-based multi-method approach) (Walker et al., 2000). Using indicators such as the sense of belonging to the community, or increased self-esteem, these methods CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005 47
1. USING A TERRITORY’S CULTURE TO PROMOTE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT quickly come to focus on the nature of existing social capital. Changes to social capital under the influence of cultural practices are recorded very concretely, in terms of the multiplication and arrangement of meeting places, the density of contacts over time, the variety of people who take part in these encounters, etc. This approach is highly relevant for local development and is often used in district-specific housing and residential surveys. 48 CULTURE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT - ISBN 92-64-00990-6 - © OECD 2005
Page 1 and 2: Culture and Local Development
Page 3 and 4: ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
Page 6: Table of Contents Executive Summary
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY the operation of
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Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY is the fact that
Page 15 and 16: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A new agenda for
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION Yet these attitudes gr
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CONCLUSION - DESIGNING LOCAL PUBLIC
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Bretton, H., (2000), C
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Frey B. & W.W. Pommere
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Karachalis N.,E. Kyria
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Myerscough, J. (1988),
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BIBLIOGRAPHY .Raffin, F., (1999),
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Walker et al, (2000) P
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ANNEX 1 This distinction between sh
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ANNEX 1 consumption sales of each s
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Annex 2 CHAPTER 3: PROMOTING LOCAL
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ANNEX 2 The second measure is given
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ANNEX 2 Table 1. The identification
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NOTES 16. V. Ponthieux S. (2003), p
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NOTES 44. www.ntcicfunds.com 45. id
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NOTES 69. Caserta S., & A.P. Russo
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NOTES 98. The craftsman will retain
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NOTES 116. de Filgueiras Gomes M.A.
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