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All reasonable steps shall be taken to provide appropriate protection and to record the doses received by emergency workers. When an emergency is over, the doses received and consequent health risks must be communicated to the workers involved. Workers should not normally be prevented from incurring further occupational exposure because of doses received in an emergency situation. However, qualified medical advice should be obtained before any further exposure is incurred if a worker has undergone emergency exposure ten times the maximum single year dose limit (500 mSv) or at a worker’s request. 118
Appendix 4 TYPICAL THREAT CATEGORIES OF PRACTICES Practice Threat summary Typical threat category Facilities manufacturing or using radioisotopes for industry, medical or scientific research. Radiopharmaceutical manufacturing Off site: No potential for deterministic health effects. A small potential for a release in excess of urgent GILs near the facility. Major facility and loading dock fires appear to represent the greatest potential for a release in excess of urgent GILs. The threat will be a function of inventory and volatility. Explosions, tornadoes, spills and leaks represent small risks. None 54 or III 55 On site: Severe deterministic health effects very unlikely on site, but dose in excess of occupational limits possible. Radiopharmacies Off site: No potential for releases in excess of urgent GILs. On site: No potential for exceeding urgent GILs on site. Very small potential for exposures above occupational limits. None 54 Hospitals Off site: No potential for releases in excess of urgent GILs unless dangerous sources are lost or stolen. Sealed source manufacturing Research laboratories On site: Severe deterministic health effects possible to staff or patients if sealed sources (e.g. brachytherapy or radiation beams) are misused or not controlled/secured. In addition radioactive medication and diagnostic drugs can represent a hazard if not properly controlled or administered. Off site: No potential for deterministic health effects. A small potential for a release in excess of urgent GILs near the facility. A major facility fire appears to represent the greatest potential for a release in excess of urgent GILs. The release will be a function of inventory and volatility. Explosions, tornadoes, spills and leaks represent small risks. On site: Severe deterministic health effects possible during manufacturing process due to loss of shielding or intake (inhalation – ingestion). Off site: Unless large quantities of radioactive or fissile 21 materials are stored or used in a single location, there is no potential for exposures in excess of urgent GILs. III III 55 None 54 or III 55 54 No special emergency preparations required for the radiological hazard beyond those warranted to address perceived concerns and normal industrial and workplace safety and measures needed because of chemical toxicity and other nonradiological hazards associated with the practice. 55 Use method in para. 2.2.5 or Appendix 8 to determine threat category based on the inventory. 119
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EPR- METHOD 2003 Method for Develop
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The originating Section of this pub
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EDITORIAL NOTE The use of particula
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4.2.8. Managing the medical respons
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1.2. OBJECTIVE This publication pro
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not appear for days, weeks or even
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TABLE I. FIVE CATEGORIES OF NUCLEAR
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2.1.3. AREAS AND ZONES For most eme
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National border Facility On-Site PA
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Typically, the operator declares a
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National (all hazards) emergency pl
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The co-ordinator should have in-dep
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(1) precautionary 9 urgent protecti
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2.2.6. TASK 3 — DEVELOP PLANNING
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TABLE IV. EMERGENCY THREAT CATEGORY
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2.2.12. TASK 9 — TEST CAPABILITY
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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF CR
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28 APPLICABLE CATEGORY THREAT CRITI
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4. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CONSIDERA
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factors. Methods for compensation a
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Public exposure/contamination emerg
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exposure, protect the people nearby
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that could contribute to similar ov
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44 4.2.1. Establishing emergency ma
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46 A1 - ESTABLISHING EMERGENCY MANA
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48 A2 - IDENTIFYING, NOTIFYING AND
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56 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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58 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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60 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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62 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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64 4.2.5. Providing information, an
Page 73 and 74: 66 A5 - PROVIDING INFORMATION AND I
Page 75 and 76: 68 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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Page 79 and 80: 72 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
Page 81 and 82: 74 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
Page 83 and 84: 76 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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Page 89 and 90: 82 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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Page 93 and 94: 86 4.2.11. Mitigating the non-radio
Page 95 and 96: 88 4.2.12. Conducting recovery oper
Page 97 and 98: 90 4.2.13. Authority (B1 elements)
Page 99 and 100: 92 4.2.14. Organization (B2 element
Page 101 and 102: 94 4.2.15. Co-ordination of emergen
Page 103 and 104: 96 B3- CO-ORDINATION OF EMERGENCY R
Page 105 and 106: 98 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threat
Page 107 and 108: 100 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threa
Page 109 and 110: 102 4.2.17. Logistical support and
Page 111 and 112: 104 B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FAC
Page 113 and 114: 106 4.2.18. Training, drills and ex
Page 115 and 116: 108 B6 - TRAINING, DRILLS AND EXERC
Page 117 and 118: 110 B7 - QUALITY ASSURANCE Threat c
Page 119 and 120: Appendix 1 GENERIC INTERVENTION AND
Page 121 and 122: TABLE A1-III. GENERIC ACTION LEVELS
Page 123: Appendix 3 EMERGENCY WORKER GUIDANC
Page 127 and 128: Fuel cycle Practice Uranium milling
Page 129 and 130: Practice ≥ 2 100 MW(th) < 2 MW(th
Page 131 and 132: Practice Lost /stolen dangerous sou
Page 133 and 134: THREAT CATEGORY I AND II FACILITIES
Page 135 and 136: (2) At these radial distances there
Page 137 and 138: General emergency Emergency class d
Page 139 and 140: Site area emergency Emergency class
Page 141 and 142: Facility emergency Emergency class
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 7 ACTION GUIDES FOR RADIOL
Page 145 and 146: terrorist threats. — If public co
Page 147 and 148: — If public contamination or expo
Page 149 and 150: — If a device is found, implement
Page 151 and 152: command, operational safety, public
Page 153 and 154: — Conduct an investigation, in cl
Page 155 and 156: Damaged dangerous source Descriptio
Page 157 and 158: contaminated/exposed individuals an
Page 159 and 160: — Activate response using the ICS
Page 161 and 162: Radioactive satellite re-entry Radi
Page 163 and 164: Nuclear weapons accident Descriptio
Page 165 and 166: — Co-ordinate with the State resp
Page 167 and 168: — Evaluate all available informat
Page 169 and 170: Element A2.15). Incident investigat
Page 171 and 172: — Notify potentially affected Sta
Page 173 and 174: — Assess likely exposures of publ
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— Ensure operational guidance (OI
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Explosive radiological dispersal de
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needed (see Element A9.1) 77 . Radi
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— If a dangerous source is to be
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Intentional contamination of food/p
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• securing the scene against poss
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Appendix 8 DANGEROUS QUANTITIES OF
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Sources and material 105 Radionucli
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Appendix 9 INFORMATION NEEDS FOR TH
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Appendix 10 RESPONSE TIME OBJECTIVE
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Appendix 11 URGENT PROTECTIVE ACTIO
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A12.1 NATIONAL RADIATION EMERGENCY
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2.6 Response communications (see El
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accomplished by use of a single spo
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List all major ministries and agenc
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A12.2 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS O
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implementing procedures that will b
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3.12 Financing operations See the o
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A12.3 FACILITY (ON-SITE) EMERGENCY
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3.1 Notification, activation and re
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4.7 Exercises 4.8 Quality assurance
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2. NORMAL STANDING INSTRUCTIONS 2.1
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10. STEPS (ACTIONS) List steps and
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Unity of command, where each person
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Incident Commander (e.g. Fire Briga
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planning for the long term and reco
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The medical and radiation protectio
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(1) command functions as part of th
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TABLE A14-I. RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY
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Facility/ location Functions Charac
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Appendix 15 EMERGENCY RADIATION RES
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A15.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY RADIA
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A15.2 SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONS FOR
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DET: DECONTAMINATION TEAM Expertise
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PST: IN-PLANT SURVEY TEAM Expertise
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LAB: LABORATORY FACILITIES - TEAM A
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The actual facilities, equipment an
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Appendix 17 CATEGORIZATION OF TERRO
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TABLE A17-I PROPOSED TERRORIST/CRIM
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PLAIN LANGUAGE STATEMENTS A/D< 0.01
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cleaned up would depend on many fac
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[15] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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[55] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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ends when the situation is under co
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and directly (without further asses
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(4) A discovery of the loss or illi
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RAB RDD RF RMAC SPDS SRF T TLD TSC
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BENCHMARKS FOR INHALATION AI.5 Sele
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CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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da Silva, F. Sinkko, K.T.S. Smith,
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