epr-method (2003) - IAEA Publications - International Atomic Energy ...

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CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1 1.1. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................ 2 1.3. SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. STRUCTURE .............................................................................................................. 2 2. ESTABLISHING AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE CAPABILITY..................................... 3 2.1. BASIC CONCEPTS .................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1. Goals of emergency planning and response................................................... 4 2.1.2. Threat categories............................................................................................ 5 2.1.3. Areas and zones ............................................................................................. 8 2.1.4. Planning levels and responsibilities............................................................... 8 2.1.5. Emergency classes, conditions and immediate actions................................ 11 2.1.6. Functions and infrastructure ........................................................................ 12 2.1.7. Integrated planning concepts ....................................................................... 13 2.2. STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH .................................................................................. 14 2.2.1. Overview...................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2. Tasks ............................................................................................................ 14 2.2.3. Getting started.............................................................................................. 15 2.2.4. Task 1 — Review national policy................................................................ 17 2.2.5. Task 2 — Perform threat assessment........................................................... 17 2.2.6. Task 3 — Develop planning basis ............................................................... 20 2.2.7. Task 4 — Develop concept of operations and allocate responsibilities ...... 20 2.2.8. Task 5 — Develop interim capability.......................................................... 22 2.2.9. Task 6 — Write national radiation emergency plan .................................... 23 2.2.10. Task 7 — Present national radiation emergency plan ................................. 23 2.2.11. Task 8 — Implement detailed plans ............................................................ 23 2.2.12. Task 9 — Test capability ............................................................................. 24 2.2.13. Task 10— Establish ongoing quality assurance (QA) and maintenance..... 24 2.2.14. Ultimately .................................................................................................... 24 3. CRITICAL TASKS.............................................................................................................. 25 3.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENT ................................................................................... 25 3.2. IDENTIFICATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF CRITICAL TASKS ........................ 25 4. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CONSIDERATIONS .................................................. 34 4.1. THREAT DESCRIPTIONS AND CONCEPTS OF OPERATIONS........................ 34 4.1.1. Threat category I and II facility emergencies .............................................. 34 4.1.2. Threat category III facility emergencies ...................................................... 36 4.1.3. Threat category IV radiological emergencies .............................................. 36 4.2. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE ELEMENTS....................... 43 4.2.1. Establishing emergency management and operations (A1 elements).......... 44 4.2.2. Identifying, notifying and activating (A2 elements).................................... 47 4.2.3. Taking mitigatory action (A3 elements) ...................................................... 55 4.2.4. Taking urgent protective action (A4 elements) ........................................... 59 4.2.5. Providing information, and issuing instructions and warnings to the public (A5 elements)............................................................................................... 64 4.2.6. Protecting emergency workers (A6 elements)............................................. 67 4.2.7. Assessing the initial phase (A7 elements) ................................................... 71
4.2.8. Managing the medical response (A8 elements)........................................... 75 4.2.9. Keeping the public informed (A9 elements)................................................ 79 4.2.10. Taking agricultural and longer term protective action (A10 elements)....... 81 4.2.11. Mitigating the non-radiological consequences (A11 elements)................... 86 4.2.12. Conducting recovery operations (A12 elements) ........................................ 88 4.2.13. Authority (B1 elements) .............................................................................. 90 4.2.14. Organization (B2 elements) ......................................................................... 92 4.2.15. Co-ordination of emergency response (B3 elements).................................. 94 4.2.16. Plans and procedures (B4 elements)............................................................ 97 4.2.17. Logistical support and facilities (B5 elements) ......................................... 102 4.2.18. Training, drills and exercises (B6 elements).............................................. 106 4.2.19. Quality assurance (B7 elements) ............................................................... 109 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: GENERIC INTERVENTION AND ACTION LEVELS ............................. 113 APPENDIX 2: ACTION LEVELS FOR INTERVENTION UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES............................................................................. 116 APPENDIX 3: EMERGENCY WORKER GUIDANCE LEVELS ...................................... 117 APPENDIX 4: TYPICAL THREAT CATEGORIES OF PRACTICES............................... 119 APPENDIX 5:AREA AND ZONE SIZES ............................................................................ 126 APPENDIX 6: CLASSIFICATION AND INITIAL RESPONSE ACTIONS FOR EMERGENCIES AT FACILITY................................................................... 130 APPENDIX 7: ACTION GUIDES FOR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES ................... 137 APPENDIX 8: DANGEROUS QUANTITIES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL ............. 181 APPENDIX 9: INFORMATION NEEDS FOR THE PLANNING PROCESS.................... 185 APPENDIX 10: RESPONSE TIME OBJECTIVES.............................................................. 187 APPENDIX 11: URGENT PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR THREAT CATEGORY I AND II FACILITIES .......................................................... 189 APPENDIX 12: OUTLINES OF EMERGENCY PLANS AND PROCEDURES ............... 190 APPENDIX 13: EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION........................................ 214 APPENDIX 14: EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND LOCATIONS .................................... 224 APPENDIX 15: EMERGENCY RADIATION RESPONSE TEAMS ................................. 229 APPENDIX 16: RADIATION PROTECTION EQUIPMENT FOR ON-SITE EMERGENCY WORKERS........................................................ 242 APPENDIX 17: CATEGORIZATION OF TERRORIST ACTS AND THREATS THEREOF................................................................................. 243 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................... 251 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................... 255 ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................................ 261 ANNEX: BACKGROUND FOR D VALUES IN APPENDIX 8 ......................................... 263 CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW ........................................................... 267
Page 1 and 2: EPR- METHOD 2003 Method for Develop
Page 3 and 4: The originating Section of this pub
Page 5: EDITORIAL NOTE The use of particula
Page 9 and 10: 1.2. OBJECTIVE This publication pro
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Page 13 and 14: TABLE I. FIVE CATEGORIES OF NUCLEAR
Page 15 and 16: 2.1.3. AREAS AND ZONES For most eme
Page 17 and 18: National border Facility On-Site PA
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50 A2 - IDENTIFYING, NOTIFYING AND
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56 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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58 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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60 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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62 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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64 4.2.5. Providing information, an
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66 A5 - PROVIDING INFORMATION AND I
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68 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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70 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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72 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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74 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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76 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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78 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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80 A9 - KEEPING THE PUBLIC INFORMED
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82 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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84 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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86 4.2.11. Mitigating the non-radio
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88 4.2.12. Conducting recovery oper
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90 4.2.13. Authority (B1 elements)
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92 4.2.14. Organization (B2 element
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94 4.2.15. Co-ordination of emergen
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96 B3- CO-ORDINATION OF EMERGENCY R
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98 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threat
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100 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threa
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102 4.2.17. Logistical support and
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104 B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FAC
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106 4.2.18. Training, drills and ex
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108 B6 - TRAINING, DRILLS AND EXERC
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110 B7 - QUALITY ASSURANCE Threat c
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Appendix 1 GENERIC INTERVENTION AND
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TABLE A1-III. GENERIC ACTION LEVELS
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Appendix 3 EMERGENCY WORKER GUIDANC
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Appendix 4 TYPICAL THREAT CATEGORIE
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Fuel cycle Practice Uranium milling
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Practice ≥ 2 100 MW(th) < 2 MW(th
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Practice Lost /stolen dangerous sou
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THREAT CATEGORY I AND II FACILITIES
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(2) At these radial distances there
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General emergency Emergency class d
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Site area emergency Emergency class
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Facility emergency Emergency class
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Appendix 7 ACTION GUIDES FOR RADIOL
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terrorist threats. — If public co
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— If public contamination or expo
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— If a device is found, implement
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command, operational safety, public
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— Conduct an investigation, in cl
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Damaged dangerous source Descriptio
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contaminated/exposed individuals an
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— Activate response using the ICS
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Radioactive satellite re-entry Radi
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Nuclear weapons accident Descriptio
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— Co-ordinate with the State resp
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— Evaluate all available informat
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Element A2.15). Incident investigat
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— Notify potentially affected Sta
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— Assess likely exposures of publ
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— Ensure operational guidance (OI
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Explosive radiological dispersal de
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needed (see Element A9.1) 77 . Radi
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— If a dangerous source is to be
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Intentional contamination of food/p
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• securing the scene against poss
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Appendix 8 DANGEROUS QUANTITIES OF
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Sources and material 105 Radionucli
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Appendix 9 INFORMATION NEEDS FOR TH
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Appendix 10 RESPONSE TIME OBJECTIVE
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Appendix 11 URGENT PROTECTIVE ACTIO
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A12.1 NATIONAL RADIATION EMERGENCY
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2.6 Response communications (see El
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accomplished by use of a single spo
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List all major ministries and agenc
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A12.2 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS O
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implementing procedures that will b
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3.12 Financing operations See the o
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A12.3 FACILITY (ON-SITE) EMERGENCY
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3.1 Notification, activation and re
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4.7 Exercises 4.8 Quality assurance
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2. NORMAL STANDING INSTRUCTIONS 2.1
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10. STEPS (ACTIONS) List steps and
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Unity of command, where each person
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Incident Commander (e.g. Fire Briga
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planning for the long term and reco
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The medical and radiation protectio
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(1) command functions as part of th
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TABLE A14-I. RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY
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Facility/ location Functions Charac
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Appendix 15 EMERGENCY RADIATION RES
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A15.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY RADIA
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A15.2 SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONS FOR
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DET: DECONTAMINATION TEAM Expertise
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PST: IN-PLANT SURVEY TEAM Expertise
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LAB: LABORATORY FACILITIES - TEAM A
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The actual facilities, equipment an
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Appendix 17 CATEGORIZATION OF TERRO
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TABLE A17-I PROPOSED TERRORIST/CRIM
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PLAIN LANGUAGE STATEMENTS A/D< 0.01
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cleaned up would depend on many fac
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[15] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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[55] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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ends when the situation is under co
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and directly (without further asses
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(4) A discovery of the loss or illi
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RAB RDD RF RMAC SPDS SRF T TLD TSC
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BENCHMARKS FOR INHALATION AI.5 Sele
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CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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da Silva, F. Sinkko, K.T.S. Smith,
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