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Credible or confirmed terrorist threats Description A credible threat (see Appendix 17) of committing a terrorist act perceived by the public or officials as a nuclear or radiological emergency. This could involve an RDD, contamination of places, food, water or products, exposure of people, sabotage, or attacks on facilities. Potential hazards For a description of the radiological hazards, see the potential hazards sections of the action guides for RDD, intentional contamination of water supplies, intentional contamination of food/products, theft of a dangerous source or public contamination / exposure. The objective of the perpetrators may be to create “terror” among the public with the resulting psychological and economic impact. Experience shows that the public’s perception of the risk posed by the threat may be more important than the actual risk. Consequently, an important part of the response will be providing the public with timely, informative (understandable) and consistent information on the true risk. Emergency response Incident commander (lead first responder local officialnational official): — Activate an integrated response (including law enforcement, investigative and public safety/radiation components) using the ICS (see Appendix 13) under an incident commander operating from an incident command post. — Take actions to neutralize the threat such as: • apprehending suspects; • eliminating the opportunity to carry out the threat (e.g. improved security, establish means for early detection); or • removing the motive for the threat. — Take action to mitigate the economic and psychological consequences of the threat, including provisions to promptly make a public announcement describing the hazard realistically and to limit the spread of contamination and contaminated products. — Implement action consistent with international standards (see. Ref. [11]) to protect the public, workers, responders, and the economy from the actual or perceived radiological risk. — Prepare secondary/simultaneous threats — Prepare for bobby traps, a second devise intended to injure responders, a second devise intended to injure evacuees. — Prepare for hoaxes once the threat is publicly known. — Prepare to implement additional response actions using one of the following guides as appropriate: • RDD • Intentional contamination of water • Intentional contamination of food/products • Theft of a dangerous source • Public contamination/exposure • Serious overexposure — Have the national competent authority notify potentially affected States and the IAEA if there are indications that other States or their citizens may be affected (Transnational emergency - see Element A2.15). — Monitor public response and deal with inappropriate behaviour (see Element A11.2). Radiological assessment (radiological assessornational team): — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Prepare a radiation assistance team (radiological assessor) (see Element A3.1) to perform monitoring consistent with Ref. [11]. — If there are indications that a dangerous neutron source (e.g. Cf-252, Be/Am well logging) may be involved obtain experts to conduct neutron monitoring (possibly with IAEA assistance if not available within the State). 168
— Ensure operational guidance (OILs) is available for assessment and implementation of evacuation, relocation, medical follow-up and treatment of contaminated individuals, restriction of water and food and restriction of products and commodities. Provide a plain language explanation of the risk and appropriate public action with the guidance. — Provide measures to protect emergency workers (including law enforcement) and control their dose (see Elements A6.7, A6.10). — If national radiological response resources are insufficient, request international assistance through the IAEA. Emergency medical responder/team: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Make provisions to implement and manage the on-scene medical response, including (see Elements A8.4, A 8.5): • establishing, with support from the radiological assessor, a victim assembly point near the scene of the emergency for medical and radiological triage – field treatment. • identifying local medical facilities to be used for treatment of potentially contaminated/exposed victims. Brief their staff on treatment of exposed and contaminated casualties and risks. Arrange, with the radiological assessor, to provide these local medical facilities with expert support, if needed, on radiological monitoring, decontamination and radiation protection. • Implementing provisions to assess the concerns members of the public (worried-well) who are concerned about radiation exposure/contamination (not at a hospital or other crucial facility). — Prepare to provide medical advice and support to local medical community on treatment of contaminated/exposed individuals and the negligible risk to their staff. Public information officer/team: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — If the emergency receives media or public attention, implement media briefings from a single official source on the threat and appropriate public action. Activate a PIC if needed (see Element A9.1) 77 . IAEA provided assistance: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Respond to international inquiries on transnational emergencies. — Arrange for activation of appropriate ERNET teams if assistance is requested (see Element A8.4). 169
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EPR- METHOD 2003 Method for Develop
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The originating Section of this pub
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EDITORIAL NOTE The use of particula
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4.2.8. Managing the medical respons
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1.2. OBJECTIVE This publication pro
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not appear for days, weeks or even
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TABLE I. FIVE CATEGORIES OF NUCLEAR
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2.1.3. AREAS AND ZONES For most eme
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National border Facility On-Site PA
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Typically, the operator declares a
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National (all hazards) emergency pl
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The co-ordinator should have in-dep
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(1) precautionary 9 urgent protecti
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2.2.6. TASK 3 — DEVELOP PLANNING
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TABLE IV. EMERGENCY THREAT CATEGORY
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2.2.12. TASK 9 — TEST CAPABILITY
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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF CR
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28 APPLICABLE CATEGORY THREAT CRITI
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4. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CONSIDERA
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factors. Methods for compensation a
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Public exposure/contamination emerg
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exposure, protect the people nearby
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that could contribute to similar ov
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44 4.2.1. Establishing emergency ma
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46 A1 - ESTABLISHING EMERGENCY MANA
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48 A2 - IDENTIFYING, NOTIFYING AND
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56 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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58 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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60 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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62 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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64 4.2.5. Providing information, an
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66 A5 - PROVIDING INFORMATION AND I
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68 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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70 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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72 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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74 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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76 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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78 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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80 A9 - KEEPING THE PUBLIC INFORMED
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82 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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84 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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86 4.2.11. Mitigating the non-radio
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88 4.2.12. Conducting recovery oper
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90 4.2.13. Authority (B1 elements)
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92 4.2.14. Organization (B2 element
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94 4.2.15. Co-ordination of emergen
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96 B3- CO-ORDINATION OF EMERGENCY R
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98 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threat
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100 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threa
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102 4.2.17. Logistical support and
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104 B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FAC
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106 4.2.18. Training, drills and ex
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108 B6 - TRAINING, DRILLS AND EXERC
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110 B7 - QUALITY ASSURANCE Threat c
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Appendix 1 GENERIC INTERVENTION AND
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TABLE A1-III. GENERIC ACTION LEVELS
Page 123 and 124: Appendix 3 EMERGENCY WORKER GUIDANC
Page 125 and 126: Appendix 4 TYPICAL THREAT CATEGORIE
Page 127 and 128: Fuel cycle Practice Uranium milling
Page 129 and 130: Practice ≥ 2 100 MW(th) < 2 MW(th
Page 131 and 132: Practice Lost /stolen dangerous sou
Page 133 and 134: THREAT CATEGORY I AND II FACILITIES
Page 135 and 136: (2) At these radial distances there
Page 137 and 138: General emergency Emergency class d
Page 139 and 140: Site area emergency Emergency class
Page 141 and 142: Facility emergency Emergency class
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 7 ACTION GUIDES FOR RADIOL
Page 145 and 146: terrorist threats. — If public co
Page 147 and 148: — If public contamination or expo
Page 149 and 150: — If a device is found, implement
Page 151 and 152: command, operational safety, public
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Page 155 and 156: Damaged dangerous source Descriptio
Page 157 and 158: contaminated/exposed individuals an
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Page 161 and 162: Radioactive satellite re-entry Radi
Page 163 and 164: Nuclear weapons accident Descriptio
Page 165 and 166: — Co-ordinate with the State resp
Page 167 and 168: — Evaluate all available informat
Page 169 and 170: Element A2.15). Incident investigat
Page 171 and 172: — Notify potentially affected Sta
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Page 177 and 178: Explosive radiological dispersal de
Page 179 and 180: needed (see Element A9.1) 77 . Radi
Page 181 and 182: — If a dangerous source is to be
Page 183 and 184: Intentional contamination of food/p
Page 185 and 186: • securing the scene against poss
Page 187 and 188: Appendix 8 DANGEROUS QUANTITIES OF
Page 189 and 190: Sources and material 105 Radionucli
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 9 INFORMATION NEEDS FOR TH
Page 193 and 194: Appendix 10 RESPONSE TIME OBJECTIVE
Page 195 and 196: Appendix 11 URGENT PROTECTIVE ACTIO
Page 197 and 198: A12.1 NATIONAL RADIATION EMERGENCY
Page 199 and 200: 2.6 Response communications (see El
Page 201 and 202: accomplished by use of a single spo
Page 203 and 204: List all major ministries and agenc
Page 205 and 206: A12.2 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS O
Page 207 and 208: implementing procedures that will b
Page 209 and 210: 3.12 Financing operations See the o
Page 211 and 212: A12.3 FACILITY (ON-SITE) EMERGENCY
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Page 215 and 216: 4.7 Exercises 4.8 Quality assurance
Page 217 and 218: 2. NORMAL STANDING INSTRUCTIONS 2.1
Page 219 and 220: 10. STEPS (ACTIONS) List steps and
Page 221 and 222: Unity of command, where each person
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planning for the long term and reco
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The medical and radiation protectio
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(1) command functions as part of th
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TABLE A14-I. RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY
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Facility/ location Functions Charac
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Appendix 15 EMERGENCY RADIATION RES
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A15.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY RADIA
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A15.2 SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONS FOR
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DET: DECONTAMINATION TEAM Expertise
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PST: IN-PLANT SURVEY TEAM Expertise
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LAB: LABORATORY FACILITIES - TEAM A
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The actual facilities, equipment an
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Appendix 17 CATEGORIZATION OF TERRO
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TABLE A17-I PROPOSED TERRORIST/CRIM
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PLAIN LANGUAGE STATEMENTS A/D< 0.01
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cleaned up would depend on many fac
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[15] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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[55] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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ends when the situation is under co
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and directly (without further asses
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(4) A discovery of the loss or illi
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RAB RDD RF RMAC SPDS SRF T TLD TSC
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BENCHMARKS FOR INHALATION AI.5 Sele
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CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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da Silva, F. Sinkko, K.T.S. Smith,
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