epr-method (2003) - IAEA Publications - International Atomic Energy ...

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attention. Activate a PIC if needed (see Element A9.1) 77 Emergency medical responder/team: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Advise medical community on recognition of radiation induced injuries and immediate action to take if such injuries are suspected. — Prepare to assess concerned people (worried-well) for radiation exposure/contamination (not at a hospital or other crucial facility) Radiological assessment (national team) (See Element A3.1): — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Establish an RMAC (see Appendix 14) and conduct monitoring to locate radioactive debris if the search area can be reasonably limited. — If national radiological response resources are insufficient – request international assistance through <strong>IAEA</strong>. — On locating satellite debris, perform immediate actions to render it safe. — Monitor public response and deal with inappropriate behaviour (see Element A11.2). 156
Nuclear weapons accident Description A crash, without a nuclear explosion, of a vehicle or aircraft carrying a nuclear weapon. Potential hazards Detonation of the high explosives contained in the weapon r<strong>epr</strong>esents a hazard near the crash. Inhalation of plutonium and other toxic material from the smoke from a burning aircraft, vehicle or conventional explosives and from resuspension of the Pu deposited on the ground could be immediately life threatening to those without inhalation protection to about 1 km downwind. Normally available radiation monitoring instruments may not be able to detect hazardous levels of Pu. Fire fighters are generally equipped with respiratory protection, which provide good protection against the inhalation hazard. Emergency response Incident commander (lead first responder): — Observe from a distance and assess all possible hazards. — Approach from upwind or use respiratory protection if possible and other available protective clothing and ensure those approaching scene take action to prevent inadvertent ingestion of contamination (e.g. wear gloves, do not smoke- or eat). — Perform life saving measures and provide first aid for serious injuries immediately, before conducting radiological monitoring. — Control fires and other consequences that are an immediate threat to life. — Establish an inner-cordoned area (safety distance) in accordance with Appendix 5 (Table A5-I). — Record names of potentially exposed individuals. — Activate response using the ICS (see Appendix 13) co-ordinated under an incident commander from an incident command post near the scene. — Establish the incident command post upwind 88 , at a safe distance (> 1 km) and in a secure area. — Arrange to transport seriously injured people to local medical facility. If they may be contaminated, wrap them in a blanket to control the spread of contamination. Tell those transporting the victim and the receiving medical facility that the person may be contaminated and that the risk to those treating such a patient is negligible but care should be taken to prevent inadvertent ingestion of contamination. — Gather potentially exposed or contaminated people, who are not seriously injured, in a safe location (victim assembly point) to: register them, give them a medical and radiological evaluation (triage) and arrange for their treatment. — Arrange to alert local medical facilities of the potential for arrival of concerned people (worriedwell 89 ) if there is wide spread public concern. Incident commander (local officials): — Notify national officials. — Ask national officials for advice and an emergency team of radiation specialists (radiological assessor) (see Element A3.1). — Provide respiratory protection to protect emergency workers and control their dose (see Elements A6.7, A6.10). — Implement action to protect the public, workers, responders, and the economy from the actual or perceived radiological risk by implementing action consistent with international standards (see. Ref. [11]). 88 Wind direction is often very variable, especially in an urban area; thus, this is a secondary concern. 89 A person who has received neither radiation exposure nor contamination sufficient to warrant medical treatment or decontamination but who is worried and wishes to be assessed for radiation exposure/contamination. 157
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EPR- METHOD 2003 Method for Develop
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The originating Section of this pub
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EDITORIAL NOTE The use of particula
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4.2.8. Managing the medical respons
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1.2. OBJECTIVE This publication pro
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not appear for days, weeks or even
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TABLE I. FIVE CATEGORIES OF NUCLEAR
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2.1.3. AREAS AND ZONES For most eme
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National border Facility On-Site PA
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Typically, the operator declares a
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National (all hazards) emergency pl
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The co-ordinator should have in-dep
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(1) precautionary 9 urgent protecti
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2.2.6. TASK 3 — DEVELOP PLANNING
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TABLE IV. EMERGENCY THREAT CATEGORY
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2.2.12. TASK 9 — TEST CAPABILITY
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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF CR
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28 APPLICABLE CATEGORY THREAT CRITI
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4. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CONSIDERA
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factors. Methods for compensation a
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Public exposure/contamination emerg
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exposure, protect the people nearby
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that could contribute to similar ov
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44 4.2.1. Establishing emergency ma
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46 A1 - ESTABLISHING EMERGENCY MANA
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48 A2 - IDENTIFYING, NOTIFYING AND
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56 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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58 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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60 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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62 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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64 4.2.5. Providing information, an
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66 A5 - PROVIDING INFORMATION AND I
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68 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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70 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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72 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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74 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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76 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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78 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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80 A9 - KEEPING THE PUBLIC INFORMED
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82 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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84 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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86 4.2.11. Mitigating the non-radio
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88 4.2.12. Conducting recovery oper
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90 4.2.13. Authority (B1 elements)
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92 4.2.14. Organization (B2 element
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94 4.2.15. Co-ordination of emergen
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96 B3- CO-ORDINATION OF EMERGENCY R
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98 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threat
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100 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threa
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102 4.2.17. Logistical support and
Page 111 and 112: 104 B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FAC
Page 113 and 114: 106 4.2.18. Training, drills and ex
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Page 119 and 120: Appendix 1 GENERIC INTERVENTION AND
Page 121 and 122: TABLE A1-III. GENERIC ACTION LEVELS
Page 123 and 124: Appendix 3 EMERGENCY WORKER GUIDANC
Page 125 and 126: Appendix 4 TYPICAL THREAT CATEGORIE
Page 127 and 128: Fuel cycle Practice Uranium milling
Page 129 and 130: Practice ≥ 2 100 MW(th) < 2 MW(th
Page 131 and 132: Practice Lost /stolen dangerous sou
Page 133 and 134: THREAT CATEGORY I AND II FACILITIES
Page 135 and 136: (2) At these radial distances there
Page 137 and 138: General emergency Emergency class d
Page 139 and 140: Site area emergency Emergency class
Page 141 and 142: Facility emergency Emergency class
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 7 ACTION GUIDES FOR RADIOL
Page 145 and 146: terrorist threats. — If public co
Page 147 and 148: — If public contamination or expo
Page 149 and 150: — If a device is found, implement
Page 151 and 152: command, operational safety, public
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Page 155 and 156: Damaged dangerous source Descriptio
Page 157 and 158: contaminated/exposed individuals an
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Page 161: Radioactive satellite re-entry Radi
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Page 169 and 170: Element A2.15). Incident investigat
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Page 175 and 176: — Ensure operational guidance (OI
Page 177 and 178: Explosive radiological dispersal de
Page 179 and 180: needed (see Element A9.1) 77 . Radi
Page 181 and 182: — If a dangerous source is to be
Page 183 and 184: Intentional contamination of food/p
Page 185 and 186: • securing the scene against poss
Page 187 and 188: Appendix 8 DANGEROUS QUANTITIES OF
Page 189 and 190: Sources and material 105 Radionucli
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 9 INFORMATION NEEDS FOR TH
Page 193 and 194: Appendix 10 RESPONSE TIME OBJECTIVE
Page 195 and 196: Appendix 11 URGENT PROTECTIVE ACTIO
Page 197 and 198: A12.1 NATIONAL RADIATION EMERGENCY
Page 199 and 200: 2.6 Response communications (see El
Page 201 and 202: accomplished by use of a single spo
Page 203 and 204: List all major ministries and agenc
Page 205 and 206: A12.2 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS O
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Page 209 and 210: 3.12 Financing operations See the o
Page 211 and 212: A12.3 FACILITY (ON-SITE) EMERGENCY
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3.1 Notification, activation and re
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4.7 Exercises 4.8 Quality assurance
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2. NORMAL STANDING INSTRUCTIONS 2.1
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10. STEPS (ACTIONS) List steps and
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Unity of command, where each person
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Incident Commander (e.g. Fire Briga
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planning for the long term and reco
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The medical and radiation protectio
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(1) command functions as part of th
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TABLE A14-I. RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY
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Facility/ location Functions Charac
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Appendix 15 EMERGENCY RADIATION RES
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A15.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY RADIA
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A15.2 SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONS FOR
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DET: DECONTAMINATION TEAM Expertise
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PST: IN-PLANT SURVEY TEAM Expertise
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LAB: LABORATORY FACILITIES - TEAM A
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The actual facilities, equipment an
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Appendix 17 CATEGORIZATION OF TERRO
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TABLE A17-I PROPOSED TERRORIST/CRIM
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PLAIN LANGUAGE STATEMENTS A/D< 0.01
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cleaned up would depend on many fac
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[15] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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[55] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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ends when the situation is under co
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and directly (without further asses
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(4) A discovery of the loss or illi
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RAB RDD RF RMAC SPDS SRF T TLD TSC
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BENCHMARKS FOR INHALATION AI.5 Sele
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CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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da Silva, F. Sinkko, K.T.S. Smith,
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