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• arrange to transport seriously injured people to local medical facility. If they may be contaminated, wrap them in a blanket to control the spread of contamination. Tell those transporting the victim and the receiving medical facility that the person may be contaminated and that the risk to those treating such a patient is negligible but care should be taken to prevent inadvertent ingestion of contamination. • gather potentially exposed or contaminated people, who are not seriously injured, in a safe location (victim assembly point) to: register them, give them a medical and radiological evaluation (triage) and arrange for their treatment. • get monitored by the radiological team before leaving; • get equipment monitored before leaving the area. Incident commander (local officialnational official): — Integrate the response (including law enforcement, investigative, radiological components and public safety/administration) using the ICS (see Appendix 13) (the incident commander should be a member of law enforcement). — Ensure that all governmental agencies are informed of who is leading the response and that they receive an explanation of the risk and their role. — Make arrangements to dispatch a radiation assistance team (radiological assessor) (see Element A3.1) to perform monitoring. — Implement action to protect the public, workers, responders, and the economy from the actual or perceived radiological risk by implementing action consistent with international standards (see. Ref. [11]). — Monitor public response and deal with inappropriate behaviour (see Element A11.2). — Once it becomes known to the public, implement provisions to address public concerns and to mitigate the economic and psychological consequences. — Be prepared for hoaxes once the event is publicly known. — If a lost or stolen dangerous source may be involved implement, as appropriate, the action guide for a Theft of a dangerous source. — If significant public contamination is possible, implement, as appropriate, the action guide for Public contamination. — If serious overexposure is suspected, implement, as appropriate, the action guide for Serious overexposure. — If a dangerous source is to be recovered, implement, as appropriate, the action guide for Recovery of an uncontrolled dangerous source. — Develop and implement a recovery and cleanup plan in order to return to normality (see Elements A12.1-4). Emergency medical responder/team: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Implement and manage the on-scene medical response, including (see Elements A8.4, A 8.5): • establish, with support from the radiological assessor, a victim assembly point near the scene of the emergency for medical and radiological triage – field treatment. • identify local medical facilities to be used for treatment of potentially contaminated/exposed victims; brief their staff on treatment of exposed and contaminated casualties and risks. Arrange, with the radiological assessor, to provide these local medical facilities with expert support, if needed, on radiological monitoring, decontamination and radiation protection. — Implement provisions to assess the concerns of members of the public (worried-well) about radiation exposure/contamination (not at a hospital or other crucial facility). — Provide medical advice and support to local medical community on treatment of contaminated/exposed individuals and the risk (negligible) to their staff. Public information officer/team: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Prepare for immense media attention once the emergency becomes publicly know. — Provide media briefings from a single official source on the threat and the appropriate and inappropriate public response actions (e.g. who should be monitored and where to go) and actions being taken to ensure public safety, to protect products and international trade etc; activate a PIC if 172
needed (see Element A9.1) 77 . Radiological assessment (radiological assessornational team): (See Element A3.1) — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Monitor for gamma, beta and alpha and establish an inner-cordoned area (safety distance) in accordance with Appendix 5 (Table A5-I) and Ref. [11]. — If there are indications that a dangerous neutron source (e.g. Cf-252, Be/Am well logging) may be involved obtain experts to conduct neutron monitoring (possibly with IAEA assistance if not available within the State). — Prepare for bobby traps, a second devise intended to injure responders, a second devise intended to injure evacuees. — Brief incident commander on risks and provide measures to protect emergency workers (including law enforcement) and control their dose (see Elements A6.7, A6.10). — Provide support to medical response to include conducting radiological assessment at victim assembly point and arranging support for the medical facilities treating possibly contaminated victims. — Establish radiological assessor base near the scene and activate an RMAC (see Appendix 14) if needed to co-ordinate radiological field operations. — If national radiological response resources are insufficient – request international assistance through the IAEA. — Protect evidence needed by law enforcement to the extent possible consistent with public protection including: • working with law enforcement; • preventing possible criminal acts at the scene (e.g. theft, introduction of contamination); • preserving documents, samples etc. associated with radiological response; • identifying and recording people involved.Ensure that law enforcement activities do not cause safety concerns. — Ensure that law enforcement responders are provided with adequate protection as emergency workers. — Ensure that the radiological response does not interfere with law enforcement (e.g. unnecessary interference with collection or preservation of evidence). — Have the national competent authority notify potentially affected States and the IAEA if there are indications that other States or their citizens may be affected (Transnational emergency - see Element A2.15). IAEA resources (if provided): — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Respond to international inquiries on transnational emergencies. — Arrange for activation of appropriate ERNET teams if assistance is requested (see Element A8.4). 173
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EPR- METHOD 2003 Method for Develop
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The originating Section of this pub
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EDITORIAL NOTE The use of particula
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4.2.8. Managing the medical respons
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1.2. OBJECTIVE This publication pro
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not appear for days, weeks or even
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TABLE I. FIVE CATEGORIES OF NUCLEAR
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2.1.3. AREAS AND ZONES For most eme
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National border Facility On-Site PA
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Typically, the operator declares a
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National (all hazards) emergency pl
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The co-ordinator should have in-dep
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(1) precautionary 9 urgent protecti
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2.2.6. TASK 3 — DEVELOP PLANNING
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TABLE IV. EMERGENCY THREAT CATEGORY
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2.2.12. TASK 9 — TEST CAPABILITY
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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF CR
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28 APPLICABLE CATEGORY THREAT CRITI
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4. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CONSIDERA
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factors. Methods for compensation a
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Public exposure/contamination emerg
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exposure, protect the people nearby
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that could contribute to similar ov
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44 4.2.1. Establishing emergency ma
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46 A1 - ESTABLISHING EMERGENCY MANA
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48 A2 - IDENTIFYING, NOTIFYING AND
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56 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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58 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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60 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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62 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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64 4.2.5. Providing information, an
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66 A5 - PROVIDING INFORMATION AND I
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68 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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70 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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72 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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74 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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76 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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78 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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80 A9 - KEEPING THE PUBLIC INFORMED
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82 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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84 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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86 4.2.11. Mitigating the non-radio
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88 4.2.12. Conducting recovery oper
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90 4.2.13. Authority (B1 elements)
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92 4.2.14. Organization (B2 element
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94 4.2.15. Co-ordination of emergen
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96 B3- CO-ORDINATION OF EMERGENCY R
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98 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threat
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100 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threa
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102 4.2.17. Logistical support and
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104 B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FAC
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106 4.2.18. Training, drills and ex
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108 B6 - TRAINING, DRILLS AND EXERC
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110 B7 - QUALITY ASSURANCE Threat c
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Appendix 1 GENERIC INTERVENTION AND
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TABLE A1-III. GENERIC ACTION LEVELS
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Appendix 3 EMERGENCY WORKER GUIDANC
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Appendix 4 TYPICAL THREAT CATEGORIE
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Page 129 and 130: Practice ≥ 2 100 MW(th) < 2 MW(th
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Page 133 and 134: THREAT CATEGORY I AND II FACILITIES
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Page 137 and 138: General emergency Emergency class d
Page 139 and 140: Site area emergency Emergency class
Page 141 and 142: Facility emergency Emergency class
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 7 ACTION GUIDES FOR RADIOL
Page 145 and 146: terrorist threats. — If public co
Page 147 and 148: — If public contamination or expo
Page 149 and 150: — If a device is found, implement
Page 151 and 152: command, operational safety, public
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Page 155 and 156: Damaged dangerous source Descriptio
Page 157 and 158: contaminated/exposed individuals an
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Page 161 and 162: Radioactive satellite re-entry Radi
Page 163 and 164: Nuclear weapons accident Descriptio
Page 165 and 166: — Co-ordinate with the State resp
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Page 169 and 170: Element A2.15). Incident investigat
Page 171 and 172: — Notify potentially affected Sta
Page 173 and 174: — Assess likely exposures of publ
Page 175 and 176: — Ensure operational guidance (OI
Page 177: Explosive radiological dispersal de
Page 181 and 182: — If a dangerous source is to be
Page 183 and 184: Intentional contamination of food/p
Page 185 and 186: • securing the scene against poss
Page 187 and 188: Appendix 8 DANGEROUS QUANTITIES OF
Page 189 and 190: Sources and material 105 Radionucli
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 9 INFORMATION NEEDS FOR TH
Page 193 and 194: Appendix 10 RESPONSE TIME OBJECTIVE
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Page 197 and 198: A12.1 NATIONAL RADIATION EMERGENCY
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Page 201 and 202: accomplished by use of a single spo
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Page 215 and 216: 4.7 Exercises 4.8 Quality assurance
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Page 225 and 226: planning for the long term and reco
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(1) command functions as part of th
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TABLE A14-I. RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY
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Facility/ location Functions Charac
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Appendix 15 EMERGENCY RADIATION RES
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A15.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY RADIA
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A15.2 SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONS FOR
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DET: DECONTAMINATION TEAM Expertise
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PST: IN-PLANT SURVEY TEAM Expertise
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LAB: LABORATORY FACILITIES - TEAM A
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The actual facilities, equipment an
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Appendix 17 CATEGORIZATION OF TERRO
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TABLE A17-I PROPOSED TERRORIST/CRIM
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PLAIN LANGUAGE STATEMENTS A/D< 0.01
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cleaned up would depend on many fac
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[15] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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[55] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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ends when the situation is under co
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and directly (without further asses
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(4) A discovery of the loss or illi
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RAB RDD RF RMAC SPDS SRF T TLD TSC
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BENCHMARKS FOR INHALATION AI.5 Sele
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CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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da Silva, F. Sinkko, K.T.S. Smith,
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