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Serious overexposure (non-medical) Description Severe overexposure not involving a medical procedure. For medical overexposures follow the guide for Accidental medical overexposures. Potential hazards Inadequate treatment of the overexposure resulting in unnecessary suffering. Additional unnecessary overexposures from failure to promptly identify and correct the cause of the overexposure. Emergency response Operator (Operator, if known, of practice resulting in the overexposure): — At the scene, conduct interviews and gather and secure information needed to estimate the dose. — Report the event to national officials. — Initiate measures to protect emergency workers and control their doses (see Elements A6.7, A6.10). — Conduct an investigation to determine the cause of the overexposure, take action to prevent further overexposure, and protect information that may be important for further investigation. Medical facility treating the victim: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Treat injuries. — Brief medical staff treating casualties on negligible risk in treating exposed/contaminated patients and appropriate precautions. — Initiate measures to protect emergency workers and control dose (see Elements A6.7, A6.10). — Perform physical examinations and blood tests promptly to assist in estimating the dose (see Ref. [29]). — In consultation with the experts, determine a course of treatment based on the estimated dose received. Consider both the physical and psychological suffering of the patient. (See Element A.8.4). Incident commander (local officials): — Co-ordinate the response using the ICS (see Appendix 13) from an incident command post near the scene. — Ensure that all governmental agencies are informed. — Ask national officials for advice and an emergency team of radiation specialists (radiological assessor) (see Element A3.1). — Evaluate all available information: retrace the sequence of events. Be aware of the possibility of criminal acts. If illicit trafficking or any criminal act is suspected, notify appropriate law enforcement authorities and integrate them into the ICS. — If significant public contamination or exposure is possible, implement, as appropriate, the action guide for Public contamination/exposure. — If radiological terrorism is suspected/confirmed implement, as appropriate, the action guide for Credible or confirmed terrorist threats. National officials: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Contact the IAEA to arrange for consultation with physicians with expertise in treating severe overexposures. — Have the national competent authority notify potentially affected States and the IAEA if there are indications that other States or their citizens may be affected (Transnational emergency - see 162
Element A2.15). Incident investigator/team: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Conduct an investigation, in close co-operation with law enforcement if criminal activity is suspected, to determine the cause and take appropriate action to prevent similar emergencies. Public information officer/team: — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Respond to international inquiries and rumours. — If there is public interest in the event, initiate media briefings from a single official source and activate the PIC if needed (see Element A9.1) 77 . IAEA resources (if provided): — Operate under the ICS incident commander. — Respond to international inquiries on transnational emergencies. — Arrange for activation of appropriate ERNET teams if assistance is requested (see Element A8.4). 163
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EPR- METHOD 2003 Method for Develop
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The originating Section of this pub
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EDITORIAL NOTE The use of particula
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4.2.8. Managing the medical respons
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1.2. OBJECTIVE This publication pro
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not appear for days, weeks or even
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TABLE I. FIVE CATEGORIES OF NUCLEAR
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2.1.3. AREAS AND ZONES For most eme
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National border Facility On-Site PA
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Typically, the operator declares a
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National (all hazards) emergency pl
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The co-ordinator should have in-dep
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(1) precautionary 9 urgent protecti
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2.2.6. TASK 3 — DEVELOP PLANNING
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TABLE IV. EMERGENCY THREAT CATEGORY
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2.2.12. TASK 9 — TEST CAPABILITY
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IDENTIFICATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF CR
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28 APPLICABLE CATEGORY THREAT CRITI
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4. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CONSIDERA
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factors. Methods for compensation a
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Public exposure/contamination emerg
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exposure, protect the people nearby
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that could contribute to similar ov
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44 4.2.1. Establishing emergency ma
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46 A1 - ESTABLISHING EMERGENCY MANA
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48 A2 - IDENTIFYING, NOTIFYING AND
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56 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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58 A3 - TAKING MITIGATORY ACTION Th
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60 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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62 A4 - TAKING URGENT PROTECTIVE AC
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64 4.2.5. Providing information, an
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66 A5 - PROVIDING INFORMATION AND I
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68 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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70 A6 - PROTECTING EMERGENCY WORKER
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72 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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74 A7 - ASSESSING THE INITIAL PHASE
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76 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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78 A8 - MANAGING THE MEDICAL RESPON
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80 A9 - KEEPING THE PUBLIC INFORMED
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82 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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84 A10 - TAKING AGRICULTURAL COUNTE
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86 4.2.11. Mitigating the non-radio
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88 4.2.12. Conducting recovery oper
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90 4.2.13. Authority (B1 elements)
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92 4.2.14. Organization (B2 element
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94 4.2.15. Co-ordination of emergen
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96 B3- CO-ORDINATION OF EMERGENCY R
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98 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threat
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100 B4 - PLANS AND PROCEDURES Threa
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102 4.2.17. Logistical support and
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104 B5 - LOGISTICAL SUPPORT AND FAC
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106 4.2.18. Training, drills and ex
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108 B6 - TRAINING, DRILLS AND EXERC
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Page 119 and 120: Appendix 1 GENERIC INTERVENTION AND
Page 121 and 122: TABLE A1-III. GENERIC ACTION LEVELS
Page 123 and 124: Appendix 3 EMERGENCY WORKER GUIDANC
Page 125 and 126: Appendix 4 TYPICAL THREAT CATEGORIE
Page 127 and 128: Fuel cycle Practice Uranium milling
Page 129 and 130: Practice ≥ 2 100 MW(th) < 2 MW(th
Page 131 and 132: Practice Lost /stolen dangerous sou
Page 133 and 134: THREAT CATEGORY I AND II FACILITIES
Page 135 and 136: (2) At these radial distances there
Page 137 and 138: General emergency Emergency class d
Page 139 and 140: Site area emergency Emergency class
Page 141 and 142: Facility emergency Emergency class
Page 143 and 144: Appendix 7 ACTION GUIDES FOR RADIOL
Page 145 and 146: terrorist threats. — If public co
Page 147 and 148: — If public contamination or expo
Page 149 and 150: — If a device is found, implement
Page 151 and 152: command, operational safety, public
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Page 155 and 156: Damaged dangerous source Descriptio
Page 157 and 158: contaminated/exposed individuals an
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Page 161 and 162: Radioactive satellite re-entry Radi
Page 163 and 164: Nuclear weapons accident Descriptio
Page 165 and 166: — Co-ordinate with the State resp
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Page 171 and 172: — Notify potentially affected Sta
Page 173 and 174: — Assess likely exposures of publ
Page 175 and 176: — Ensure operational guidance (OI
Page 177 and 178: Explosive radiological dispersal de
Page 179 and 180: needed (see Element A9.1) 77 . Radi
Page 181 and 182: — If a dangerous source is to be
Page 183 and 184: Intentional contamination of food/p
Page 185 and 186: • securing the scene against poss
Page 187 and 188: Appendix 8 DANGEROUS QUANTITIES OF
Page 189 and 190: Sources and material 105 Radionucli
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 9 INFORMATION NEEDS FOR TH
Page 193 and 194: Appendix 10 RESPONSE TIME OBJECTIVE
Page 195 and 196: Appendix 11 URGENT PROTECTIVE ACTIO
Page 197 and 198: A12.1 NATIONAL RADIATION EMERGENCY
Page 199 and 200: 2.6 Response communications (see El
Page 201 and 202: accomplished by use of a single spo
Page 203 and 204: List all major ministries and agenc
Page 205 and 206: A12.2 PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS O
Page 207 and 208: implementing procedures that will b
Page 209 and 210: 3.12 Financing operations See the o
Page 211 and 212: A12.3 FACILITY (ON-SITE) EMERGENCY
Page 213 and 214: 3.1 Notification, activation and re
Page 215 and 216: 4.7 Exercises 4.8 Quality assurance
Page 217 and 218: 2. NORMAL STANDING INSTRUCTIONS 2.1
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10. STEPS (ACTIONS) List steps and
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Unity of command, where each person
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Incident Commander (e.g. Fire Briga
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planning for the long term and reco
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The medical and radiation protectio
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(1) command functions as part of th
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TABLE A14-I. RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY
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Facility/ location Functions Charac
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Appendix 15 EMERGENCY RADIATION RES
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A15.1 OBJECTIVES OF EMERGENCY RADIA
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A15.2 SUGGESTED SPECIFICATIONS FOR
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DET: DECONTAMINATION TEAM Expertise
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PST: IN-PLANT SURVEY TEAM Expertise
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LAB: LABORATORY FACILITIES - TEAM A
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The actual facilities, equipment an
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Appendix 17 CATEGORIZATION OF TERRO
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TABLE A17-I PROPOSED TERRORIST/CRIM
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PLAIN LANGUAGE STATEMENTS A/D< 0.01
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cleaned up would depend on many fac
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[15] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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[55] INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AG
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ends when the situation is under co
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and directly (without further asses
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(4) A discovery of the loss or illi
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RAB RDD RF RMAC SPDS SRF T TLD TSC
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BENCHMARKS FOR INHALATION AI.5 Sele
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CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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da Silva, F. Sinkko, K.T.S. Smith,
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