Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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education financing and the fourth section outlines the national policy framework for education. The experience of orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) with regard to education is addressed specifically in Chapter V. 2. Overview of children’s deprivations in relation to education and information A. Severe education deprivation among children The deprivation indicator is the proportion of children aged between 7 and 18 who have never been to school and are not currently attending school. About one in five children are severely deprived of education, with massive disparities by province, area of residence, sex, level of education of the household head and wealth. There are massive variations in education deprivation by province, particularly affecting children in Niassa, Nampula and Zambezia provinces, in which over one third of children aged between 7 and 18 have never been to school. Severe education deprivation correlates strongly with levels of household poverty, with about one third of children living in households in the lowest three wealth quintiles suffering education deprivation. All household surveys conducted in recent years in Mozambique have pointed to a direct correlation between the level of wealth of a household and both school enrolment and attendance of children within the household. There is also a direct correlation between severe education deprivation and whether the head of the household in which the child lives has an education. For example, among households in which the household head has no education, 38 per cent of children are severely deprived of education, compared with 20 per cent of children in households in which the household head has a primary education and 4 per cent of children in households in which the household head has a secondary level or higher education. Figure 4.1: Percentage of children with severe education deprivation by level of education of household head 40 % 38 30 20 20 10 0 No education Primary education Secondary and higher 4 Source: INE/MPD/UNICEF 2005, additional analysis of the DHS 2003 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS 135
B. Severe information deprivation among children The deprivation indicator is the proportion of children aged between 5 and 18 with no possession of and access to radio, television or newspapers at home. Overall, 39 per cent of children in Mozambique are facing severe information deprivation and as with all other deprivations, there are significant disparities by province, area of residence, sex, wealth and level of education of the household head. The level of deprivation varies between provinces, from 14 per cent in Maputo City to over half of children aged 5 to 17 (53 per cent) in Zambezia province. Almost twice as many children living in rural areas face severe information deprivation as in urban areas (46 and 24 per cent respectively). Among children in the poorest households, 64 per cent are facing severe information deprivation, as compared with 11 per cent in the best off households. There is also a direct correlation between the level of education of the head of the household in which a child lives and the level of information deprivation, with 53 per cent of children living in households in which the household head has no education experiencing severe information deprivation, as compared with 10 per cent of children in households in which the household head has a secondary level or higher education. 80 Figure 4.2: Percentage of children with severe information deprivation by wealth quintile % 60 64 55 40 36 20 27 11 0 Poorest Second poorest Middle Second best-off Best-off Source: INE/MPD/UNICEF 2005, additional analysis of the DHS 2003 136 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS
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CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE A S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report on the
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………
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4. Access to schooling and attendan
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TABLES AND FIGURES List of tables T
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Figure 4.20: Estimated spending on
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GBS GDP GER GNI GoM HAART HDI HIPC
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MAP OF MOZAMBIQUE Zumbu Magoe M
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een strongly positive in recent yea
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Child protection concerns Chapter F
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vaccination or malaria campaigns, w
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1. Objective of the Situation Analy
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Box 1.1: Human rights conventions r
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of poverty, defined as: “Impossib
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Table 1.1: Deprivation-based indica
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The Ministries of Planning and Deve
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34 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction This chapter focuse
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Table 2.1: Progress towards the MDG
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3. Economic growth and macroeconomi
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Evidence as to what extent these
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The percentage of the population li
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Arndt et al. (2005) show that, on a
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B. Assessing childhood poverty In a
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Figure 2.9: Households living below
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severe deprivation. In the poorest
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The second PARPA for the period 200
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Box 2.3: Civil society engagement i
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A key cause of these weaknesses is
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One possible way forward in tacklin
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Box 2.4: Corruption and its impact
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(vi) Analysis of monitoring and rev
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There are two principal drivers beh
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This has troubling implications for
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70 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction Every child has the
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B. Severe nutrition deprivation amo
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Zambezia and Tete provinces. Severe
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If this downward trend continues, M
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Figure 3.5: Percentage of women rec
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Mozambique has achieved a continual
Page 85 and 86: The second reason is that deaths oc
Page 87 and 88: 5. Childhood illnesses A major publ
Page 89 and 90: Figure 3.9: Malaria prevention: use
Page 91 and 92: The 2005 Nutrition Survey conducted
Page 93 and 94: Box 3.3: Combating measles and poli
Page 95 and 96: (ii) Stunting prevalence (chronic m
Page 97 and 98: Alarmingly high levels of stunting
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3.16: Underweight prevalence
Page 101 and 102: There are 86 known salt producers r
Page 103 and 104: Among children, there were no varia
Page 105 and 106: Box 3.5: Infant feeding in the cont
Page 107 and 108: highly in PARPA II, which sets a ta
Page 109 and 110: Table 3.3: Overview of PMTCT progra
Page 111 and 112: The reduction of mother-to-child tr
Page 113 and 114: It is only recently that paediatric
Page 115 and 116: 100 Figure 3.22: Use of safe water
Page 117 and 118: A. Inequitable access to and fundin
Page 119 and 120: The 2004/2005 IFTRAB survey also su
Page 121 and 122: provincial level reported that only
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.4: Ministry of Health budge
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3.29: Total sector resources
Page 127 and 128: Figure 3.31: Indicative per capita
Page 129 and 130: The agenda for expanding water supp
Page 131 and 132: and was revised in 2005. The on-bud
Page 133 and 134: supported by key sector stakeholder
Page 135: 1. Introduction Education is a fund
Page 139 and 140: Secondary education consists of fiv
Page 141 and 142: Table 4.3: Gross and net enrolment
Page 143 and 144: Table 4.4: Gross enrolment ratio, a
Page 145 and 146: 57 per cent, compared with a NER of
Page 147 and 148: DHS data show that the wealth level
Page 149 and 150: Figure 4.11: Distribution of 11-yea
Page 151 and 152: Lack of literacy is directly correl
Page 153 and 154: In addition, there is a serious gap
Page 155 and 156: The IAF showed that in 2002/3 expen
Page 157 and 158: Absenteeism is also common among te
Page 159 and 160: to the need for two or even three s
Page 161 and 162: The system is faced with a number o
Page 163 and 164: • The school represents or is a l
Page 165 and 166: (iv) Impact of natural disasters In
Page 167 and 168: The associated large off-budget res
Page 169 and 170: The Ministry of Education and Cultu
Page 171 and 172: sense of providing education for ev
Page 173 and 174: 172 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
Page 175 and 176: I. Introduction All children have t
Page 177 and 178: involving children. 45 per cent of
Page 179 and 180: Box 5.1: Street children in Maputo:
Page 181 and 182: Girls at greatest risk of abuse wer
Page 183 and 184: The aspirations expressed by the yo
Page 185 and 186: Against this background, Caia and C
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“Trafficking in women and childre
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Mozambique, girls aged 15-19 in the
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The survey indicates that 32 per ce
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Figure 5.5: School attendance among
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• Labour law does not define the
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- To use child labour (children age
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from their parents. Thus, the law d
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C. Birth registration - guaranteein
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such as hospitals and schools for b
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Sofala province also accounts for t
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Evidence points to worrying increas
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Figure 5.9: Primary school attendan
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activities to strengthen the capaci
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The responsibility for implementing
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214 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
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Conclusions Mozambique is one of Af
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planning in Mozambique, and has the
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7- Implementing social communicatio
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Form of Severe Deprivation Food Wat
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ANNEX II Calendar of the planning,
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ANNEX IV State Budget recurrent and
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REFERENCES AND MATERIALS CONSULTED
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Deaton, A., Ruiz-Castilo, J., and T
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Klasen, S. and Woltermann, S., ‘T
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Government of Mozambique, ‘Progra
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World Bank (WB), ‘World Developme
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World Bank (WB), ‘Mozambique Publ
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Ministry of Women and Co-ordination
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United Nations Children’s Fund (U
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Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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