Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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Table 3.1: Percentage of children with severe health and nutrition deprivations Province Percentage of children with severe health deprivation Percentage of children with severe nutrition deprivation Niassa 28 22 Cabo Delgado 11 32 Nampula 19 22 Zambezia 34 26 Tete 11 20 Manica 10 18 Sofala 17 21 Inhambane 12 12 Gaza 6 14 Maputo 3 4 Maputo City 13 6 Area of Residence Urban 8 11 Rural 21 23 Level of education of the household head No education 24 25 Primary education 15 19 Secondary and higher 7 7 Wealth index quintile Poorest 31 27 Second poorest 19 23 Middle 14 22 Second best-off 6 14 Best-off 7 7 Total 17 20 Source: INE/MPD/UNICEF 2005, additional analysis of the DHS 2003 C. Severe deprivation of water and sanitation among children The water deprivation indicator is the proportion of children under 18 years of age who only have access to surface water (e.g. rivers) for drinking or who live in households where the nearest source of water is more than 30 minutes away. The sanitation deprivation indicator is the proportion of children under 18 years of age who have no access to a toilet of any kind in the vicinity of their dwelling, including communal toilets or latrines. Overall, 49 per cent of children face severe water deprivation and 47 per cent face severe sanitation deprivation, making water and sanitation the most widespread deprivations faced by children in Mozambique. 69 per cent of households with children in the poorest wealth quintile face severe water deprivation, as compared with only 11 per cent in the best off quintile. Most strikingly, 100 per cent of children in the poorest quintile face severe sanitation deprivation compared to only 4 per cent in the best-off households. In urban areas, 25 per cent of children face severe water deprivation and 18 per cent face severe sanitation deprivation. In rural areas, severe water and sanitation deprivation among children reaches 61 per cent. Severe water deprivation varies from 3 per cent in Maputo City to over 60 per cent in Gaza, CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS 75
Zambezia and Tete provinces. Severe deprivation of sanitation varies from 0.2 per cent in Maputo City to 79 per cent in Zambezia province. 59 per cent of households with children in which the household head has no education experience severe water deprivation, compared with 21 per cent among children in households in which the head has a secondary level or higher education. 63 per cent of children in households in which the head has no education face severe sanitation deprivation, as compared to only 10 per cent in households in which the head has secondary education or higher. Figure 3.3: Severe water and sanitation deprivation among children by wealth quintile % 100 100 80 84 60 40 20 0 69 61 58 28 44 17 11 4 Poorest Second poorest Middle Second best off Best off Severe water deprivation Severe sanitation deprivation Source: INE/MPD/UNICEF 2005, additional analysis of the DHS 2003 76 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS
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CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE A S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report on the
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………
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4. Access to schooling and attendan
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TABLES AND FIGURES List of tables T
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Figure 4.20: Estimated spending on
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GBS GDP GER GNI GoM HAART HDI HIPC
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MAP OF MOZAMBIQUE Zumbu Magoe M
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een strongly positive in recent yea
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Child protection concerns Chapter F
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vaccination or malaria campaigns, w
Page 25 and 26: 1. Objective of the Situation Analy
Page 27 and 28: Box 1.1: Human rights conventions r
Page 29 and 30: of poverty, defined as: “Impossib
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1: Deprivation-based indica
Page 33 and 34: The Ministries of Planning and Deve
Page 35 and 36: 34 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
Page 37 and 38: 1. Introduction This chapter focuse
Page 39 and 40: Table 2.1: Progress towards the MDG
Page 41 and 42: 3. Economic growth and macroeconomi
Page 43 and 44: Evidence as to what extent these
Page 45 and 46: The percentage of the population li
Page 47 and 48: Arndt et al. (2005) show that, on a
Page 49 and 50: B. Assessing childhood poverty In a
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.9: Households living below
Page 53 and 54: severe deprivation. In the poorest
Page 55 and 56: The second PARPA for the period 200
Page 57 and 58: Box 2.3: Civil society engagement i
Page 59 and 60: A key cause of these weaknesses is
Page 61 and 62: One possible way forward in tacklin
Page 63 and 64: Box 2.4: Corruption and its impact
Page 65 and 66: (vi) Analysis of monitoring and rev
Page 67 and 68: There are two principal drivers beh
Page 69 and 70: This has troubling implications for
Page 71 and 72: 70 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
Page 73 and 74: 1. Introduction Every child has the
Page 75: B. Severe nutrition deprivation amo
Page 79 and 80: If this downward trend continues, M
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.5: Percentage of women rec
Page 83 and 84: Mozambique has achieved a continual
Page 85 and 86: The second reason is that deaths oc
Page 87 and 88: 5. Childhood illnesses A major publ
Page 89 and 90: Figure 3.9: Malaria prevention: use
Page 91 and 92: The 2005 Nutrition Survey conducted
Page 93 and 94: Box 3.3: Combating measles and poli
Page 95 and 96: (ii) Stunting prevalence (chronic m
Page 97 and 98: Alarmingly high levels of stunting
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3.16: Underweight prevalence
Page 101 and 102: There are 86 known salt producers r
Page 103 and 104: Among children, there were no varia
Page 105 and 106: Box 3.5: Infant feeding in the cont
Page 107 and 108: highly in PARPA II, which sets a ta
Page 109 and 110: Table 3.3: Overview of PMTCT progra
Page 111 and 112: The reduction of mother-to-child tr
Page 113 and 114: It is only recently that paediatric
Page 115 and 116: 100 Figure 3.22: Use of safe water
Page 117 and 118: A. Inequitable access to and fundin
Page 119 and 120: The 2004/2005 IFTRAB survey also su
Page 121 and 122: provincial level reported that only
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.4: Ministry of Health budge
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3.29: Total sector resources
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Figure 3.31: Indicative per capita
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The agenda for expanding water supp
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and was revised in 2005. The on-bud
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supported by key sector stakeholder
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1. Introduction Education is a fund
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B. Severe information deprivation a
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Secondary education consists of fiv
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Table 4.3: Gross and net enrolment
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Table 4.4: Gross enrolment ratio, a
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57 per cent, compared with a NER of
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DHS data show that the wealth level
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Figure 4.11: Distribution of 11-yea
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Lack of literacy is directly correl
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In addition, there is a serious gap
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The IAF showed that in 2002/3 expen
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Absenteeism is also common among te
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to the need for two or even three s
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The system is faced with a number o
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• The school represents or is a l
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(iv) Impact of natural disasters In
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The associated large off-budget res
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The Ministry of Education and Cultu
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sense of providing education for ev
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172 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
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I. Introduction All children have t
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involving children. 45 per cent of
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Box 5.1: Street children in Maputo:
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Girls at greatest risk of abuse wer
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The aspirations expressed by the yo
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Against this background, Caia and C
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“Trafficking in women and childre
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Mozambique, girls aged 15-19 in the
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The survey indicates that 32 per ce
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Figure 5.5: School attendance among
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• Labour law does not define the
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- To use child labour (children age
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from their parents. Thus, the law d
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C. Birth registration - guaranteein
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such as hospitals and schools for b
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Sofala province also accounts for t
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Evidence points to worrying increas
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Figure 5.9: Primary school attendan
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activities to strengthen the capaci
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The responsibility for implementing
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214 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
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Conclusions Mozambique is one of Af
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planning in Mozambique, and has the
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7- Implementing social communicatio
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Form of Severe Deprivation Food Wat
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ANNEX II Calendar of the planning,
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ANNEX IV State Budget recurrent and
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REFERENCES AND MATERIALS CONSULTED
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Deaton, A., Ruiz-Castilo, J., and T
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Klasen, S. and Woltermann, S., ‘T
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Government of Mozambique, ‘Progra
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World Bank (WB), ‘World Developme
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World Bank (WB), ‘Mozambique Publ
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Ministry of Women and Co-ordination
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United Nations Children’s Fund (U
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Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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