Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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Ministério da Saúde (MISAU), Gabinete do Ministro, Departamento de Informação para a Saúde, “INFORMAÇÃO SUMÁRIA, 2005 - Actividades Janeiro a Dezembro 2001/2005”, July 2006. Ministry of Health, ‘National Survey on Vitamin A Deficiency and Anaemia in Children 6 to 59 months old and their Mothers’, Department of Community Health Nutrition Section, Maputo, 2002. Ministry of Health, Technical Secretariat for Food Security, ‘Nutritional Survey in Drought Affected Districts’, 2005. Ministério Da Saúde, ‘Estudo Nacional sobre a Deficiência em Iodo nas Crianças dos 6 aos 12 Anos de Idade’, Departamento de Saúde da Comunidade Repartição de Nutrição, Maputo, 2006. Ministry of Health, ‘Annual Report of the Directorate of Administration and Management’, Maputo, 2006. Ministry of Planning and Development, ‘Estimating changes in children’s nutritional status when samples are not comparable: An example from Mozambique’, Kenneth R. Simler (International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C. USA) and Hanifa Ismael Ibrahimo, June 2005. National Programme of Iodised Salt, ‘Impact of the National Programme on Public Health, Industrial Development and Poverty Alleviation’, Maputo, 2004. Organisation of African Unity, ‘Abuja Declaration on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Other Related Infectious Diseases’, African Summit on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Other Related Infectious Diseases, Abuja, April 2001. Orlowski, D., ‘O Alegado Dilema do IVA nos Projectos com Financiamento Externo: Raciocinio, Mecanismos e Soluções’, Ministry of Planning and Development Discussion Note, Maputo, 2006. República de Moçambique, ‘Plano Estratégico de Água e Saneamento Rural’, Maputo, 2006. Secretariado Técnico de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SETSAN), ‘Avaliação da Implementação da Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (ESAN)’, Maputo, 2005. Secretariado Técnico de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SETSAN), United Nations Children’s Fund, Pierre Martel, ‘Additional Analysis of the Third Multi-sectoral Vulnerability Assessment’, Maputo, 2003. United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘The State of the World’s Children’, New York, 2001. United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘The State of the World’s Children’, New York, 2005. United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘The State of the World’s Children’, New York, 2006. World Bank (WB), ‘Public Expenditure Review’, 2003. World Bank (WB), Expenditure Tracking and Service Delivery Survey 2002, 2004a. World Bank (WB), ‘Country Health Status Report’, 2004b. CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS 235
World Bank (WB), ‘World Development Indicators’, 2005a. World Bank (WB), ‘Country Economic Memorandum’, 2005b. World Bank (WB) and African Development Bank (ADB), ‘Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for Water and Sanitation Country Assessment – Mozambique’, February 2004. World Heath Organisation (WHO) / United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation’, http://wssinfo.org/en/welcome.html, 2005. ‘Country Proposal of the Republic of Mozambique to the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC)’ Maputo, June 2005. References and materials consulted for Chapter IV Arndt, C., Jones, S. and Tarp, F., ‘Aid and Development: The Mozambican Case’, Maputo, 2006. Austral Consultoria e Projectos, Lda, ‘Pesquisa Nacional sobre Governação e Corrupção’, Maputo, Julho de 2004. Avenstrup, R., ‘The Experience of Mozambique in Abolishing Fees, Reducing User Costs and Providing Incentives in Primary Education: Country Review’, May 2006. Etienne, N., ‘Assessment of Child Labour in Small-scale Tobacco Farms in Mozambique – 2005’, Geneva, February 2006. Government of Mozambique and Programme Aid Partnership, ‘Aide Mémoire of the Joint Review of Government and Donor Performance in 2004’, March 2005. Government of Mozambique and Programme Aid Partnership (PAP), ‘Annual Review 2005; Aide-Mémoire, Final Version, Human Capital Annex’, http://www.pap.org.mz/, Maputo, April 2006. Handa, S., Simler, K., Harrower S., ‘Human Capital, Household Welfare, and Children’s Schooling in Mozambique’, Washington, 2004. Hawkins, K., Mussá, F., and Abuxahama, S., ‘Milking the Cow: Young women’s constructions of identity, gender, power and risk in transactional and crossgenerational sexual relationships, The Implications for Behaviour Change Interventions’, A PEER Research Study conducted by Options Consultancy Services and Population Services International (PSI) Mozambique, Maputo, March 2005. Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), ‘Inquérito aos Agregados Familiares sobre Orçamento Familiar 2002/3’, Quadros Definitivos, Maputo, 2003a. Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), ‘Inquérito aos Agregados Familiares sobre Orçamento Familiar 2002/3’, Relatório Final, Maputo, 2003b. Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), ‘Inquérito Demográfico e de Saúde 2003’, Maputo, June 2005. 236 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS
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CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE A S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report on the
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………
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4. Access to schooling and attendan
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TABLES AND FIGURES List of tables T
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Figure 4.20: Estimated spending on
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GBS GDP GER GNI GoM HAART HDI HIPC
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MAP OF MOZAMBIQUE Zumbu Magoe M
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een strongly positive in recent yea
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Child protection concerns Chapter F
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vaccination or malaria campaigns, w
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1. Objective of the Situation Analy
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Box 1.1: Human rights conventions r
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of poverty, defined as: “Impossib
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Table 1.1: Deprivation-based indica
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The Ministries of Planning and Deve
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34 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction This chapter focuse
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Table 2.1: Progress towards the MDG
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3. Economic growth and macroeconomi
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Evidence as to what extent these
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The percentage of the population li
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Arndt et al. (2005) show that, on a
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B. Assessing childhood poverty In a
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Figure 2.9: Households living below
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severe deprivation. In the poorest
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The second PARPA for the period 200
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Box 2.3: Civil society engagement i
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A key cause of these weaknesses is
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One possible way forward in tacklin
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Box 2.4: Corruption and its impact
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(vi) Analysis of monitoring and rev
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There are two principal drivers beh
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This has troubling implications for
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70 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction Every child has the
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B. Severe nutrition deprivation amo
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Zambezia and Tete provinces. Severe
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If this downward trend continues, M
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Figure 3.5: Percentage of women rec
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Mozambique has achieved a continual
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The second reason is that deaths oc
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5. Childhood illnesses A major publ
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Figure 3.9: Malaria prevention: use
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The 2005 Nutrition Survey conducted
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Box 3.3: Combating measles and poli
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(ii) Stunting prevalence (chronic m
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Alarmingly high levels of stunting
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Figure 3.16: Underweight prevalence
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There are 86 known salt producers r
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Among children, there were no varia
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Box 3.5: Infant feeding in the cont
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highly in PARPA II, which sets a ta
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Table 3.3: Overview of PMTCT progra
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The reduction of mother-to-child tr
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It is only recently that paediatric
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100 Figure 3.22: Use of safe water
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A. Inequitable access to and fundin
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The 2004/2005 IFTRAB survey also su
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provincial level reported that only
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Table 3.4: Ministry of Health budge
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Figure 3.29: Total sector resources
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Figure 3.31: Indicative per capita
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The agenda for expanding water supp
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and was revised in 2005. The on-bud
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supported by key sector stakeholder
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1. Introduction Education is a fund
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B. Severe information deprivation a
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Secondary education consists of fiv
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Table 4.3: Gross and net enrolment
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Table 4.4: Gross enrolment ratio, a
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57 per cent, compared with a NER of
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DHS data show that the wealth level
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Figure 4.11: Distribution of 11-yea
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Lack of literacy is directly correl
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In addition, there is a serious gap
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The IAF showed that in 2002/3 expen
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Absenteeism is also common among te
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to the need for two or even three s
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The system is faced with a number o
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• The school represents or is a l
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(iv) Impact of natural disasters In
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The associated large off-budget res
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The Ministry of Education and Cultu
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sense of providing education for ev
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172 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
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I. Introduction All children have t
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involving children. 45 per cent of
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Box 5.1: Street children in Maputo:
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Girls at greatest risk of abuse wer
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The aspirations expressed by the yo
Page 185 and 186: Against this background, Caia and C
Page 187 and 188: “Trafficking in women and childre
Page 189 and 190: Mozambique, girls aged 15-19 in the
Page 191 and 192: The survey indicates that 32 per ce
Page 193 and 194: Figure 5.5: School attendance among
Page 195 and 196: • Labour law does not define the
Page 197 and 198: - To use child labour (children age
Page 199 and 200: from their parents. Thus, the law d
Page 201 and 202: C. Birth registration - guaranteein
Page 203 and 204: such as hospitals and schools for b
Page 205 and 206: Sofala province also accounts for t
Page 207 and 208: Evidence points to worrying increas
Page 209 and 210: Figure 5.9: Primary school attendan
Page 211 and 212: activities to strengthen the capaci
Page 213 and 214: The responsibility for implementing
Page 215 and 216: 214 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
Page 217 and 218: Conclusions Mozambique is one of Af
Page 219 and 220: planning in Mozambique, and has the
Page 221 and 222: 7- Implementing social communicatio
Page 223 and 224: Form of Severe Deprivation Food Wat
Page 225 and 226: ANNEX II Calendar of the planning,
Page 227 and 228: ANNEX IV State Budget recurrent and
Page 229 and 230: REFERENCES AND MATERIALS CONSULTED
Page 231 and 232: Deaton, A., Ruiz-Castilo, J., and T
Page 233 and 234: Klasen, S. and Woltermann, S., ‘T
Page 235: Government of Mozambique, ‘Progra
Page 239 and 240: World Bank (WB), ‘Mozambique Publ
Page 241 and 242: Ministry of Women and Co-ordination
Page 243: United Nations Children’s Fund (U
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