Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), ‘Inquérito Integrado à Força de Trabalho (IFTRAB)’, 2004/2005’, 2006. Justiniano, M., Oksanen, P., Steen Nielsen, H. and Xerinda, N., ‘Multifaceted Challenges: A Study on the Barriers to Girls´ Education, Zambezia Province’, Maputo, 2005. Ministry of Education and Culture, Data from School Surveys, Various. Ministério do Plano e Finanças (MPF) e Ministério da Educação (MINED), ‘A Despesa Pública com a Educação em Moçambique’, Maputo, 2003. Ministry of Education, ‘Teacher Training Strategy, 2004 – 2015 – Policy Options’, National Directorate of Teacher and Education Administrator Training, June 2003. Ministério da Educação e Cultura, ‘Plano Estratégico de Educação e Cultura 2006 – 2010/11’, Maputo, Moçambique, Junho de 2006, 2006a. Ministério da Educação e Cultura, ‘Plano Estratégico de Educação, Indicadores de Avaliação do Plano Estratégico da Educação’, Maputo, Abril de 2006b. República de Moçambique, Secretariado Técnico de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, Grupo de Análise de Vulnerabilidade, ‘Relatório da Missão de Analise de Vulnerabilidade’, Maputo, Abril de 2005. República de Moçambique, ‘7a Reunião Annual de Revisão’, Relatório Final, Maputo, 2006a. República de Moçambique, ‘Lei de Base de Protecção da Criança e do Adolescente’ (DRAFT), Maputo, 2006b (pending). Save the Children UK, ‘When someone is sick in the house, poverty has already entered: A research study on home-based care, Morrumbala Centre, Zambézia Province, Mozambique’, Zambezia, October 2003. Save the Children, CARE, MEC e REDE-CAME/FDC, ‘Relatório do Estudo sobre Abuso Sexual de Raparigas nas Escolas Moçambicanas’, 2005. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Ministry of Youth and Sports, ‘Situation Analysis of Youth and Adolescents in Mozambique, Focus on District and Rural Level’, Maputo, February 2005. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Ministério do Planificação e Desenvolvimento (MPD) e Conselho Nacional de Combate ao HIV/SIDA (CNCS), Análise suplementar do Inquérito Demográfico e de Saúde 2003, Maputo, Outubro/ Novembro de 2005. Verspoor, A., ‘Mozambique: Education Sector Strategic Plan II: Towards an Investment and Implementation Plan’, Maputo, May 2006. World Bank (WB), ‘Cost and Financing of Education Opportunities and Obstacles for Expanding and Improving Education in Mozambique’, Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series, Washington D.C., 2003a. CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS 237
World Bank (WB), ‘Mozambique Public Expenditure Review, Phase 2: Sectoral Expenditures’, Report No. 25969-MZ, Maputo, 2003b. World Bank (WB), ‘User Fees in Primary Education’, Washington, July 2004. World Bank (WB), ‘Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA), Primary School Enrollment and Retention: The Impact of School Fees’, Maputo, January 2005. World Bank (WB), ‘Poverty in Mozambique: Unravelling Changes and Determinants’, Africa Region Working Paper Series Number 87, Maputo, August 2005. References and materials consulted for Chapter V Austral Consultoria e Projectos, Lda., ‘Pesquisa Nacional sobre Governação e Corrupção’, Maputo, Julho de 2004. Bagnol, B. and Ernesto, C., ‘Titios e Catorzinhas: Pesquisa exploratória sobre ‘sugar daddies’ na Zambézia (Quelimane e Pebane)’, Agosto de 2003. Cochran, G. and Roby, J., ‘Child Headed Households in Mozambique: Towards Needs- Based Policy and Practice’, 2005. Committee on the Rights of the Child, ‘Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child: Mozambique’, CRC/C/15/Add.172, 3 April 2002. Danish Support to Education Sector Strategic Plan (ADPESE) and Provincial Educational Directorate (DPE) of Zambezia, ‘Multifaceted Challenges; A Study of Barriers to Girl’s Education in Zambezia Province’, Mozambique, 2005. Etienne, N., ‘Assessment of Child Labour in Small-scale Tobacco Farms in Mozambique – 2005’, Geneva, February 2006. Government of Mozambique and Programme Aid Partners, ‘Joint Review 2005; Aide- Mémoire, Final Version: Annex Three’, Maputo, May 2005. Haberland, N., Chong, E. and Bracken, H., ‘Married Adolescents: An Overview’, World Health Organisation, Geneva, 2003. Hawkins, K., Mussá, F., and Abuxahama, S., ‘Milking the Cow: Young women’s constructions of identity, gender, power and risk in transactional and crossgenerational sexual relationships, The Implications for Behaviour Change Interventions’, A PEER Research Study conducted by Options Consultancy Services and Population Services International (PSI) Mozambique, Maputo, March 2005. HelpAge International, ‘Baseline Report, Community Monitoring and Tracking in Mozambique: HAI /International HIV/SIDA Alliance Project’, February 2006. Hughes, A., ‘Deepening our Understanding: A Qualitative and Consultation-based Study of the Situation, Causes and Capacity gaps in the Realization of Children and Women’s Health and Education Rights in Nicoadala, Zambezia and Nhamatanda, Sofala’, Maputo, January 2005. IDEA, ‘Report on Disabled Women’s Training (Countering oppression and towards empowerment)’, April 25 – April 30th 2005. 238 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS
Page 1:
CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE A S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report on the
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………
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4. Access to schooling and attendan
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TABLES AND FIGURES List of tables T
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Figure 4.20: Estimated spending on
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GBS GDP GER GNI GoM HAART HDI HIPC
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MAP OF MOZAMBIQUE Zumbu Magoe M
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een strongly positive in recent yea
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Child protection concerns Chapter F
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vaccination or malaria campaigns, w
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1. Objective of the Situation Analy
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Box 1.1: Human rights conventions r
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of poverty, defined as: “Impossib
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Table 1.1: Deprivation-based indica
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The Ministries of Planning and Deve
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34 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction This chapter focuse
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Table 2.1: Progress towards the MDG
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3. Economic growth and macroeconomi
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Evidence as to what extent these
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The percentage of the population li
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Arndt et al. (2005) show that, on a
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B. Assessing childhood poverty In a
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Figure 2.9: Households living below
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severe deprivation. In the poorest
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The second PARPA for the period 200
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Box 2.3: Civil society engagement i
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A key cause of these weaknesses is
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One possible way forward in tacklin
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Box 2.4: Corruption and its impact
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(vi) Analysis of monitoring and rev
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There are two principal drivers beh
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This has troubling implications for
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70 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction Every child has the
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B. Severe nutrition deprivation amo
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Zambezia and Tete provinces. Severe
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If this downward trend continues, M
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Figure 3.5: Percentage of women rec
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Mozambique has achieved a continual
Page 85 and 86:
The second reason is that deaths oc
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5. Childhood illnesses A major publ
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Figure 3.9: Malaria prevention: use
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The 2005 Nutrition Survey conducted
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Box 3.3: Combating measles and poli
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(ii) Stunting prevalence (chronic m
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Alarmingly high levels of stunting
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Figure 3.16: Underweight prevalence
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There are 86 known salt producers r
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Among children, there were no varia
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Box 3.5: Infant feeding in the cont
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highly in PARPA II, which sets a ta
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Table 3.3: Overview of PMTCT progra
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The reduction of mother-to-child tr
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It is only recently that paediatric
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100 Figure 3.22: Use of safe water
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A. Inequitable access to and fundin
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The 2004/2005 IFTRAB survey also su
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provincial level reported that only
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Table 3.4: Ministry of Health budge
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Figure 3.29: Total sector resources
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Figure 3.31: Indicative per capita
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The agenda for expanding water supp
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and was revised in 2005. The on-bud
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supported by key sector stakeholder
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1. Introduction Education is a fund
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B. Severe information deprivation a
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Secondary education consists of fiv
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Table 4.3: Gross and net enrolment
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Table 4.4: Gross enrolment ratio, a
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57 per cent, compared with a NER of
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DHS data show that the wealth level
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Figure 4.11: Distribution of 11-yea
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Lack of literacy is directly correl
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In addition, there is a serious gap
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The IAF showed that in 2002/3 expen
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Absenteeism is also common among te
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to the need for two or even three s
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The system is faced with a number o
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• The school represents or is a l
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(iv) Impact of natural disasters In
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The associated large off-budget res
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The Ministry of Education and Cultu
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sense of providing education for ev
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172 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
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I. Introduction All children have t
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involving children. 45 per cent of
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Box 5.1: Street children in Maputo:
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Girls at greatest risk of abuse wer
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The aspirations expressed by the yo
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Against this background, Caia and C
Page 187 and 188: “Trafficking in women and childre
Page 189 and 190: Mozambique, girls aged 15-19 in the
Page 191 and 192: The survey indicates that 32 per ce
Page 193 and 194: Figure 5.5: School attendance among
Page 195 and 196: • Labour law does not define the
Page 197 and 198: - To use child labour (children age
Page 199 and 200: from their parents. Thus, the law d
Page 201 and 202: C. Birth registration - guaranteein
Page 203 and 204: such as hospitals and schools for b
Page 205 and 206: Sofala province also accounts for t
Page 207 and 208: Evidence points to worrying increas
Page 209 and 210: Figure 5.9: Primary school attendan
Page 211 and 212: activities to strengthen the capaci
Page 213 and 214: The responsibility for implementing
Page 215 and 216: 214 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
Page 217 and 218: Conclusions Mozambique is one of Af
Page 219 and 220: planning in Mozambique, and has the
Page 221 and 222: 7- Implementing social communicatio
Page 223 and 224: Form of Severe Deprivation Food Wat
Page 225 and 226: ANNEX II Calendar of the planning,
Page 227 and 228: ANNEX IV State Budget recurrent and
Page 229 and 230: REFERENCES AND MATERIALS CONSULTED
Page 231 and 232: Deaton, A., Ruiz-Castilo, J., and T
Page 233 and 234: Klasen, S. and Woltermann, S., ‘T
Page 235 and 236: Government of Mozambique, ‘Progra
Page 237: World Bank (WB), ‘World Developme
Page 241 and 242: Ministry of Women and Co-ordination
Page 243: United Nations Children’s Fund (U
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