Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), ‘Human Development Report 2000; Human Rights and Human Development’, New York, 2000. Van den Broeck, K., ‘Poverty Analysis in Mozambique: An Overview’, Background Paper for the Country Poverty, Social and Gender Assessment, Maputo, 2005. References and materials consulted for Chapter II Arnaldo, C., Francisco, A., ‘As Características Sócio-Económicas dos Distritos com Postos de Vigilância Epidemiológica do HIV/SIDA e sua Influência na Taxa de Prevalência do HIV em Moçambique’, Centro de Estudos de População, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, artigo preparado para o workshop sobre os determinantes do HIV/SIDA em Moçambique, Maputo, Fevereiro de 2004. Arndt, C., Barslund, M. and Sulemane, J., ‘Seasonality in Calorie Consumption: Evidence from Mozambique’, Department of Studies Discussion Paper, Ministry of Planning and Development, Maputo, 2005. Ardnt, C., Jones, S. and Tarp, F., ‘Aid and Development: the Mozambican Case’, Maputo, 2006. Austral Consultoria e Projectos, Lda., ‘Pesquisa Nacional sobre Governação e Corrupção’, Maputo, 2005. Balogun, P., ‘Evaluating Progress Towards Harmonisation’, Working Paper 15, UK Department for International Development (DFID), London, 2005. Barnes, J., ‘Local Government and Development Planning: Towards Decentralised Planning and Budgeting in Mozambique’, Performance Budgeting: The Challenges of Implementation, Workshop on Comparative Experience, 13th-15th September, 2005, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, 2005. Bolnick, B. R., ‘Economic Growth as an Instrument for Poverty Reduction in Mozambique: Framework for a Growth Strategy’, Department of Studies Discussion Paper No. 12a, Maputo, 2001. Cabral, L., Cumbi, A., Dista, S. and Vinyals, L., ‘Study on “Off-Budgets” in the Health Sector’, Final Report, Maputo, March 2005. Calvo, C. and Dercon, S., ‘Measuring Individual Vulnerability’, Department of Economics Discussion Paper Series Number 229, University of Oxford, Oxford, March 2005. Chiconela, J., ‘Poverty Estimates and Profile in Mozambique: An Analysis Based on the IAF 2002-03’, MPD Discussion Paper, 2004. Collier, P., Elliott, V. L., Havard, H., Hoeffler A., Reynal-Querol, M. and Sambanis N., ‘Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy’, World Bank, Washington, June 2003. Comité de Conselheiros, ‘Agenda 2025: Visão e Estratégias da Nação’, Maputo, Novembro de 2003. CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS 229
Deaton, A., Ruiz-Castilo, J., and Thomas, D., ‘The Influence of Household Composition on Household Expenditure Patterns: Theory and Spanish Evidence’, Journal of Political Economy, Volume 97, No.1, 1989. De Renzio, P. and Sulemane, J. A., ‘Integrating Reporting of PRS and Budget Implementation: The Mozambican Case’, World Bank Discussion Paper, 2006. Ernst and Young Mozambique, ‘Review of the Programme Aid Partnership’s (PAP) Performance in 2005 and PAP’s Performance Assessment Framework Matrix Targets for 2006’, Maputo, 2006. European Commission, ‘Budget Support Financing Agreement, Annex 2: Indicators Assessment Mechanism’, 2006. Fox, L., Van den Broeck K. and Bardasi E., ‘Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Mozambique, 1997/7 – 2002/3’, Background Paper on Poverty for Country Economic Memorandum, February 17, 2005. Fozzard, A., ‘How, When and Why does Poverty get Budget Priority Poverty Reduction Strategy and Public Expenditure in Mozambique’, Working Paper 167, Overseas Development Institute, London, May 2002. Garcia-Calleja, J. M., Zaniewski, E., Ghys, P. D., Stanecki, K., and Walker N., ‘A Global Analysis of Trends in the Quality of HIV Sero-surveillance’, Sex. Transm. Inf. 2004, pp. 80; 25-30. Gordon, D., Nandy, S., Pantazis, C., Pemberton, S. and Townsend, P., ‘The Distribution of Child Poverty in the Developing World’, Report to the United Nations Children’s Fund, July 2003. Government of Mozambique, ‘District Planning in Mozambique’, Prepared by Jackson D., Unpublished, 1997. Government of Mozambique, Eduardo Mondlane University and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), ‘Understanding Poverty and Well-Being in Mozambique: The First National Assessment (1996 - 97)’, Maputo, 1998. Government of Mozambique, ‘Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty, 2001 – 2005 (PARPA I)’, Maputo, 2001. Government of Mozambique, ‘Law of Local State Organs (LOLE)’, Law 09/02, National Press, Maputo, 2003. Government of Mozambique, ‘Constitution of the Republic’, Maputo, 2004a. Government of Mozambique and Programme Aid Partners, ‘Memorandum of Understanding Between Government of the Republic of Mozambique and Programme Aid Partners for the Provision of Direct Budget and Programme Aid Support’, Maputo, April 2004. Government of Mozambique, ‘Plano Nacional para a Criança’, Versão de 23 de Junho de 2004, Maputo, 2004b. Government of Mozambique and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), ‘Poverty and Well-Being in Mozambique: The Second National Assessment (2002- 2003)’, Maputo, 2004. 230 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS
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CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE A S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report on the
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………
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4. Access to schooling and attendan
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TABLES AND FIGURES List of tables T
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Figure 4.20: Estimated spending on
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GBS GDP GER GNI GoM HAART HDI HIPC
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MAP OF MOZAMBIQUE Zumbu Magoe M
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een strongly positive in recent yea
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Child protection concerns Chapter F
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vaccination or malaria campaigns, w
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1. Objective of the Situation Analy
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Box 1.1: Human rights conventions r
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of poverty, defined as: “Impossib
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Table 1.1: Deprivation-based indica
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The Ministries of Planning and Deve
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34 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction This chapter focuse
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Table 2.1: Progress towards the MDG
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3. Economic growth and macroeconomi
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Evidence as to what extent these
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The percentage of the population li
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Arndt et al. (2005) show that, on a
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B. Assessing childhood poverty In a
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Figure 2.9: Households living below
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severe deprivation. In the poorest
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The second PARPA for the period 200
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Box 2.3: Civil society engagement i
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A key cause of these weaknesses is
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One possible way forward in tacklin
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Box 2.4: Corruption and its impact
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(vi) Analysis of monitoring and rev
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There are two principal drivers beh
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This has troubling implications for
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70 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction Every child has the
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B. Severe nutrition deprivation amo
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Zambezia and Tete provinces. Severe
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If this downward trend continues, M
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Figure 3.5: Percentage of women rec
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Mozambique has achieved a continual
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The second reason is that deaths oc
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5. Childhood illnesses A major publ
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Figure 3.9: Malaria prevention: use
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The 2005 Nutrition Survey conducted
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Box 3.3: Combating measles and poli
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(ii) Stunting prevalence (chronic m
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Alarmingly high levels of stunting
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Figure 3.16: Underweight prevalence
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There are 86 known salt producers r
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Among children, there were no varia
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Box 3.5: Infant feeding in the cont
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highly in PARPA II, which sets a ta
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Table 3.3: Overview of PMTCT progra
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The reduction of mother-to-child tr
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It is only recently that paediatric
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100 Figure 3.22: Use of safe water
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A. Inequitable access to and fundin
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The 2004/2005 IFTRAB survey also su
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provincial level reported that only
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Table 3.4: Ministry of Health budge
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Figure 3.29: Total sector resources
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Figure 3.31: Indicative per capita
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The agenda for expanding water supp
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and was revised in 2005. The on-bud
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supported by key sector stakeholder
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1. Introduction Education is a fund
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B. Severe information deprivation a
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Secondary education consists of fiv
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Table 4.3: Gross and net enrolment
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Table 4.4: Gross enrolment ratio, a
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57 per cent, compared with a NER of
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DHS data show that the wealth level
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Figure 4.11: Distribution of 11-yea
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Lack of literacy is directly correl
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In addition, there is a serious gap
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The IAF showed that in 2002/3 expen
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Absenteeism is also common among te
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to the need for two or even three s
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The system is faced with a number o
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• The school represents or is a l
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(iv) Impact of natural disasters In
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The associated large off-budget res
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The Ministry of Education and Cultu
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sense of providing education for ev
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172 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
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I. Introduction All children have t
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involving children. 45 per cent of
Page 179 and 180: Box 5.1: Street children in Maputo:
Page 181 and 182: Girls at greatest risk of abuse wer
Page 183 and 184: The aspirations expressed by the yo
Page 185 and 186: Against this background, Caia and C
Page 187 and 188: “Trafficking in women and childre
Page 189 and 190: Mozambique, girls aged 15-19 in the
Page 191 and 192: The survey indicates that 32 per ce
Page 193 and 194: Figure 5.5: School attendance among
Page 195 and 196: • Labour law does not define the
Page 197 and 198: - To use child labour (children age
Page 199 and 200: from their parents. Thus, the law d
Page 201 and 202: C. Birth registration - guaranteein
Page 203 and 204: such as hospitals and schools for b
Page 205 and 206: Sofala province also accounts for t
Page 207 and 208: Evidence points to worrying increas
Page 209 and 210: Figure 5.9: Primary school attendan
Page 211 and 212: activities to strengthen the capaci
Page 213 and 214: The responsibility for implementing
Page 215 and 216: 214 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
Page 217 and 218: Conclusions Mozambique is one of Af
Page 219 and 220: planning in Mozambique, and has the
Page 221 and 222: 7- Implementing social communicatio
Page 223 and 224: Form of Severe Deprivation Food Wat
Page 225 and 226: ANNEX II Calendar of the planning,
Page 227 and 228: ANNEX IV State Budget recurrent and
Page 229: REFERENCES AND MATERIALS CONSULTED
Page 233 and 234: Klasen, S. and Woltermann, S., ‘T
Page 235 and 236: Government of Mozambique, ‘Progra
Page 237 and 238: World Bank (WB), ‘World Developme
Page 239 and 240: World Bank (WB), ‘Mozambique Publ
Page 241 and 242: Ministry of Women and Co-ordination
Page 243: United Nations Children’s Fund (U
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