Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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Shelter Education Information Children under 18 years of age living in dwellings with more than five people per room (severe overcrowding) or with no flooring material (e.g. a mud floor) Children aged between 7 and 18 who have never been to school and are not currently attending school Children aged between 3 and 18 with no possession of or access to radio, television, telephone or newspapers at home Having a mud floor was not deemed an indication of severe deprivation, leaving only the overcrowding aspect (i.e. more than 5 people per room). As DHS provides little data on other housing characteristics (i.e. the existence of a roof) it was not possible to agree on an appropriate measure Unaltered A telephone was deemed more a means of communication than information and was therefore removed from the definition. The age range was also modified, from 3-17 to 5-17, as it was felt that age 3 was too low Children under 18 years of age living in dwellings with more than five people per room (severe overcrowding) Children aged between 7 and 18 who have never been to school and are not currently attending school Children aged between 5 and 18 with no possession of and access to radio, television, telephone or newspapers at home Standard of Living: measures to provide housing 27 (3) Education: compulsory free primary education 28 (1) (a)/(b) Information: access to information 13/17 Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS 223
ANNEX II Calendar of the planning, budgeting and monitoring cycle Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Planning, Budgeting and Monitoring (Year) - Review of PES (n - 1) drafted by Sectors & submitted to MPD by 31st * - Budget Execution Report (n - 1) prepared by MF - Review of PES & Budget Execution Report sent to Parliament by 15th - CGE (n - 2) appraised & approved by Parliament** - CFMP (n + 1 to 3) preparation by MF & MPD to set total resource envelope & indicative ceilings (“hot phase”) - District & Municipality PES & Budget proposals (n + 1) drafting begins - CFMP preparation continues - District & Municipality PES & Budget proposals drafting continues - CGE (n - 1) produced & submitted to Administrative Tribunal by 31st ** - CFMP envelope & ceilings approved - Initial budget ceilings, guidelines & methodology for PES & Budget/CFMP preparation distributed to Sectors, Provinces & other state bodies by 31st - PES & State Budget proposals (n + 1) drafted by Sectors, Provinces & other state bodies - PES & State Budget proposals submitted to MPD & MF at Central & Provincial level by 31 st * - Half-year Review of PES & Half-year Budget Execution Report (n) drafted - Half-year Review of PES & Half-year Budget Execution Report (n) sent to Council of Ministers & to Parliament by 15th - National & Provincial PES & State Budget (n+1) drafted by MPD & MF - Final update of resource envelope & allocations proposed in CFMP & State Budget based on donor commitments by 31st - National PES & State Budget (n + 1) sent to Council of Ministers by 15th & Parliament by 30 th - CGE (n - 1) & Appraisal by Administrative Tribunal sent to Parliament by 30th ** - National PES, State Budget & CGE (n + 1) deliberated & approved by Parliament until 31 st GoM - Donor: Sector Wide Approach, Budget Support and On-budget Exercise (Year) - Sector Review Processes (n - 1) begin - Sector Review Processes conclude by 31st - Submissions for Joint Review prepared by 31st - Joint Review concluded, including PAPs Performance Assessment*** - Nearly final Common Fund commitments (n + 1) agreed between sectors & donors by 15th - GBS (n + 1 to 4) & Common Fund (n + 1) commitments made by PAPs (within 1 month after conclusion of Joint Review)*** - Final project commitments (n + 1) communicated to sectors in writing by donors by 31st - Project details (n + 1) communicated to sectors by donors & Project List verified in Sector - “Quiet Period” for donor to GoM contact begins (under discussion - not yet formalized) - “Quiet Period” ends around 15th (not yet formalized) - Submissions for Mid-Year Review prepared - Reconfirmation of GBS & Common Fund commitments by 31st *** - PAF (n + 1) agreed at Mid-Year Review - Project Workplans (n + 1) drafted within draft State Budget envelope - Project Workplans (n + 1) concluded within draft State Budget envelope Note: Planning Directorate (“DNP”). In practice, sectors find the January 30th deadline for BdPES submissions particularly difficult – final submissions usually arrive in February. ** See Law Nº 9 of February 12th 2002 (“SISTAFE Law”), Article 50. The Assembly appraises & approves the CGE in the session following the delivery of the Report together with the Opinion from the Administrative Tribunal (submitted on an annual basis since 1998). Parliament ordinarily meets twice a year (in February – May & October – December) for 180 days in total. *** See Memorandum of Understanding, Annex 3 (GoM & PAPs, 2005). Source: MPD & MF. 224 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS
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CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE A S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report on the
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………
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4. Access to schooling and attendan
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TABLES AND FIGURES List of tables T
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Figure 4.20: Estimated spending on
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GBS GDP GER GNI GoM HAART HDI HIPC
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MAP OF MOZAMBIQUE Zumbu Magoe M
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een strongly positive in recent yea
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Child protection concerns Chapter F
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vaccination or malaria campaigns, w
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1. Objective of the Situation Analy
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Box 1.1: Human rights conventions r
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of poverty, defined as: “Impossib
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Table 1.1: Deprivation-based indica
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The Ministries of Planning and Deve
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34 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction This chapter focuse
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Table 2.1: Progress towards the MDG
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3. Economic growth and macroeconomi
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Evidence as to what extent these
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The percentage of the population li
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Arndt et al. (2005) show that, on a
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B. Assessing childhood poverty In a
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Figure 2.9: Households living below
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severe deprivation. In the poorest
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The second PARPA for the period 200
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Box 2.3: Civil society engagement i
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A key cause of these weaknesses is
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One possible way forward in tacklin
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Box 2.4: Corruption and its impact
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(vi) Analysis of monitoring and rev
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There are two principal drivers beh
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This has troubling implications for
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70 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction Every child has the
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B. Severe nutrition deprivation amo
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Zambezia and Tete provinces. Severe
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If this downward trend continues, M
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Figure 3.5: Percentage of women rec
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Mozambique has achieved a continual
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The second reason is that deaths oc
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5. Childhood illnesses A major publ
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Figure 3.9: Malaria prevention: use
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The 2005 Nutrition Survey conducted
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Box 3.3: Combating measles and poli
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(ii) Stunting prevalence (chronic m
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Alarmingly high levels of stunting
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Figure 3.16: Underweight prevalence
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There are 86 known salt producers r
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Among children, there were no varia
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Box 3.5: Infant feeding in the cont
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highly in PARPA II, which sets a ta
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Table 3.3: Overview of PMTCT progra
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The reduction of mother-to-child tr
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It is only recently that paediatric
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100 Figure 3.22: Use of safe water
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A. Inequitable access to and fundin
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The 2004/2005 IFTRAB survey also su
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provincial level reported that only
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Table 3.4: Ministry of Health budge
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Figure 3.29: Total sector resources
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Figure 3.31: Indicative per capita
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The agenda for expanding water supp
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and was revised in 2005. The on-bud
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supported by key sector stakeholder
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1. Introduction Education is a fund
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B. Severe information deprivation a
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Secondary education consists of fiv
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Table 4.3: Gross and net enrolment
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Table 4.4: Gross enrolment ratio, a
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57 per cent, compared with a NER of
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DHS data show that the wealth level
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Figure 4.11: Distribution of 11-yea
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Lack of literacy is directly correl
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In addition, there is a serious gap
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The IAF showed that in 2002/3 expen
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Absenteeism is also common among te
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to the need for two or even three s
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The system is faced with a number o
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• The school represents or is a l
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(iv) Impact of natural disasters In
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The associated large off-budget res
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The Ministry of Education and Cultu
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sense of providing education for ev
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Page 175 and 176: I. Introduction All children have t
Page 177 and 178: involving children. 45 per cent of
Page 179 and 180: Box 5.1: Street children in Maputo:
Page 181 and 182: Girls at greatest risk of abuse wer
Page 183 and 184: The aspirations expressed by the yo
Page 185 and 186: Against this background, Caia and C
Page 187 and 188: “Trafficking in women and childre
Page 189 and 190: Mozambique, girls aged 15-19 in the
Page 191 and 192: The survey indicates that 32 per ce
Page 193 and 194: Figure 5.5: School attendance among
Page 195 and 196: • Labour law does not define the
Page 197 and 198: - To use child labour (children age
Page 199 and 200: from their parents. Thus, the law d
Page 201 and 202: C. Birth registration - guaranteein
Page 203 and 204: such as hospitals and schools for b
Page 205 and 206: Sofala province also accounts for t
Page 207 and 208: Evidence points to worrying increas
Page 209 and 210: Figure 5.9: Primary school attendan
Page 211 and 212: activities to strengthen the capaci
Page 213 and 214: The responsibility for implementing
Page 215 and 216: 214 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
Page 217 and 218: Conclusions Mozambique is one of Af
Page 219 and 220: planning in Mozambique, and has the
Page 221 and 222: 7- Implementing social communicatio
Page 223: Form of Severe Deprivation Food Wat
Page 227 and 228: ANNEX IV State Budget recurrent and
Page 229 and 230: REFERENCES AND MATERIALS CONSULTED
Page 231 and 232: Deaton, A., Ruiz-Castilo, J., and T
Page 233 and 234: Klasen, S. and Woltermann, S., ‘T
Page 235 and 236: Government of Mozambique, ‘Progra
Page 237 and 238: World Bank (WB), ‘World Developme
Page 239 and 240: World Bank (WB), ‘Mozambique Publ
Page 241 and 242: Ministry of Women and Co-ordination
Page 243: United Nations Children’s Fund (U
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Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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