Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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ANNEX III Puplic planning system - linkages between instruments GOVERNMENT 5-YEAR PROGRAMME (PQG) MEDIUM-TERM PROGRAMMING ANNUAL OPERATIONAL PLANS Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Povery (PARPA) Prioritisation of resources Harmonization of sectoral policy & strategy Integration of objectives & targets + Coordination of the monitoring process ECONOMIC & SOCIAL PLAN (PES) Integration of sectoral policy & strategy Sectoral and Provincial Strategic Plans Global resource envelope & allocation among sectors Integration of sectoral objectives & targets Macroeconomic & sectoral scenario Consistency of budgeting with policy actions & objectives Medium Term Fiscal Framework (CFMP) Expenditure limits State Budget (OE) CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS 225
ANNEX IV State Budget recurrent and investment expenditures The State Financial Administration System (SISTAFE) Law provides the legal basis for budgeting in Mozambique. 87 It clearly states that there is only a single, centrally approved State Budget, approved by Parliament each year. However, that budget is divided into two sections: recurrent expenditures (known as despesas correntes or despesas de funcionamento) and investment expenditures (despesas de investimento). The former section contains routine expenditures relating to ongoing operating costs. It is in turn broken down into salaries (despesas com o pessoal), goods and services (bens e serviços), debt service payments (encargos de divida), recurrent transfers (transferências corentes), subsidies (subsídios) and other current expenditures (outras despesas corentes). The recurrent expenditures are financed by “internal” funds (componente interna). Internal financing is predominantly made up of Government revenues, although it also includes aid in the form of General Budget Support (GBS), which is merged with revenues in the Single Treasury Account (Conta Única do Tesouro). 88 As regards the investment expenditures section, it should be noted that it is not exclusively limited to expenditures on physical capital (i.e. those which lead to the creation of physical assets which can be used over a period of several years) - it also includes recurrent items such as salaries and goods and services. Thus, it should not be thought of purely as a “capital budget”, though it does contain most capital and most non-routine expenditure. Thus, the investment expenditures section might, contrary to its name, be better thought of as a “project budget”, where a “project” is defined as an amount of money, for a more or less clearly defined purpose, that is protected and which can be tracked (Orlowski, 2005). The fact that funds in the investment expenditures section are ring-fenced and more easily tracked means that all donor funded “externally” financed (componente externa) projects are included in the investment budget, even if they are of a recurrent nature (provision of textbooks and medicines being good examples). The investment expenditures section is not entirely financed externally though, and also includes projects wholly or partially covered by internal financing. It is still possible to distinguish capital-related expenditures within the budget since both the recurrent and investment sections of the budget are classified by type of expenditure (classificação económica). 87 Law nº 9/2002, of 12th February, approves the State Financial Administration System (Sistema de Administração Financeira do Estado, or the “SISTAFE”) and Decree nº 23/2004, of 20th August, approves the SISTAFE Regulations. 88 GBS is defined as aid paid to the Treasury which is not earmarked for any particular sector or project. It should not be confused with Direct Budget Support (DBS), which defines any money paid directly to the Treasury going straight into the budget, whether for GBS or for a specific sector. 226 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE: A SITUATION AND TRENDS ANALYSIS
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CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE A S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report on the
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CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………
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4. Access to schooling and attendan
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TABLES AND FIGURES List of tables T
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Figure 4.20: Estimated spending on
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GBS GDP GER GNI GoM HAART HDI HIPC
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MAP OF MOZAMBIQUE Zumbu Magoe M
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een strongly positive in recent yea
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Child protection concerns Chapter F
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vaccination or malaria campaigns, w
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1. Objective of the Situation Analy
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Box 1.1: Human rights conventions r
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of poverty, defined as: “Impossib
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Table 1.1: Deprivation-based indica
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The Ministries of Planning and Deve
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34 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction This chapter focuse
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Table 2.1: Progress towards the MDG
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3. Economic growth and macroeconomi
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Evidence as to what extent these
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The percentage of the population li
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Arndt et al. (2005) show that, on a
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B. Assessing childhood poverty In a
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Figure 2.9: Households living below
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severe deprivation. In the poorest
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The second PARPA for the period 200
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Box 2.3: Civil society engagement i
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A key cause of these weaknesses is
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One possible way forward in tacklin
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Box 2.4: Corruption and its impact
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(vi) Analysis of monitoring and rev
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There are two principal drivers beh
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This has troubling implications for
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70 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE:
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1. Introduction Every child has the
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B. Severe nutrition deprivation amo
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Zambezia and Tete provinces. Severe
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If this downward trend continues, M
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Figure 3.5: Percentage of women rec
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Mozambique has achieved a continual
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The second reason is that deaths oc
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5. Childhood illnesses A major publ
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Figure 3.9: Malaria prevention: use
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The 2005 Nutrition Survey conducted
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Box 3.3: Combating measles and poli
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(ii) Stunting prevalence (chronic m
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Alarmingly high levels of stunting
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Figure 3.16: Underweight prevalence
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There are 86 known salt producers r
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Among children, there were no varia
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Box 3.5: Infant feeding in the cont
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highly in PARPA II, which sets a ta
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Table 3.3: Overview of PMTCT progra
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The reduction of mother-to-child tr
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It is only recently that paediatric
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100 Figure 3.22: Use of safe water
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A. Inequitable access to and fundin
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The 2004/2005 IFTRAB survey also su
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provincial level reported that only
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Table 3.4: Ministry of Health budge
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Figure 3.29: Total sector resources
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Figure 3.31: Indicative per capita
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The agenda for expanding water supp
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and was revised in 2005. The on-bud
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supported by key sector stakeholder
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1. Introduction Education is a fund
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B. Severe information deprivation a
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Secondary education consists of fiv
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Table 4.3: Gross and net enrolment
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Table 4.4: Gross enrolment ratio, a
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57 per cent, compared with a NER of
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DHS data show that the wealth level
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Figure 4.11: Distribution of 11-yea
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Lack of literacy is directly correl
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In addition, there is a serious gap
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The IAF showed that in 2002/3 expen
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Absenteeism is also common among te
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to the need for two or even three s
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The system is faced with a number o
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• The school represents or is a l
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(iv) Impact of natural disasters In
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The associated large off-budget res
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The Ministry of Education and Cultu
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sense of providing education for ev
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172 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
Page 175 and 176: I. Introduction All children have t
Page 177 and 178: involving children. 45 per cent of
Page 179 and 180: Box 5.1: Street children in Maputo:
Page 181 and 182: Girls at greatest risk of abuse wer
Page 183 and 184: The aspirations expressed by the yo
Page 185 and 186: Against this background, Caia and C
Page 187 and 188: “Trafficking in women and childre
Page 189 and 190: Mozambique, girls aged 15-19 in the
Page 191 and 192: The survey indicates that 32 per ce
Page 193 and 194: Figure 5.5: School attendance among
Page 195 and 196: • Labour law does not define the
Page 197 and 198: - To use child labour (children age
Page 199 and 200: from their parents. Thus, the law d
Page 201 and 202: C. Birth registration - guaranteein
Page 203 and 204: such as hospitals and schools for b
Page 205 and 206: Sofala province also accounts for t
Page 207 and 208: Evidence points to worrying increas
Page 209 and 210: Figure 5.9: Primary school attendan
Page 211 and 212: activities to strengthen the capaci
Page 213 and 214: The responsibility for implementing
Page 215 and 216: 214 CHILDHOOD POVERTY IN MOZAMBIQUE
Page 217 and 218: Conclusions Mozambique is one of Af
Page 219 and 220: planning in Mozambique, and has the
Page 221 and 222: 7- Implementing social communicatio
Page 223 and 224: Form of Severe Deprivation Food Wat
Page 225: ANNEX II Calendar of the planning,
Page 229 and 230: REFERENCES AND MATERIALS CONSULTED
Page 231 and 232: Deaton, A., Ruiz-Castilo, J., and T
Page 233 and 234: Klasen, S. and Woltermann, S., ‘T
Page 235 and 236: Government of Mozambique, ‘Progra
Page 237 and 238: World Bank (WB), ‘World Developme
Page 239 and 240: World Bank (WB), ‘Mozambique Publ
Page 241 and 242: Ministry of Women and Co-ordination
Page 243: United Nations Children’s Fund (U
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Child Poverty in Mozambique. A Situation and Trend ... - Unicef

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