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Exploring SW Performance 105 2.2. Timing annotation Providing timing annotations is a complex task. The camera module example shows the limited underlying systemc 2.0 mechanisms. Mainly we rely on an event which is never notified but this event has a timeout to resume the execution. This is satisfying for the hardware models, not for the software models. These models shall distinguish active wait from passive wait. The approach is very similar to SystemC 3.0 direction [8], with the wait and consume functions, though some other aspects are also taken into consideration which leads to have several consume-like functions. The goal is to avoid annotating and recompiling anew the system each time a new cpu is selected, or each time a cpu frequency changes. Hence the annotation doesn’t contain a timing, but a timing table index. The table indexes are the cpu index and the code chunk index. The cpu index is maintained by the simulation engine. void consume(int cycle_idx, int ad_idx = 0); vs_timing_table_t consume(vs_timing_table_t, int cycle_idx, vs_address_table_t = 0, int ad_idx); Because of the function inlining, preserving the modularity of the compilation requires to have a separate consume function that allows to change the current timing table and thus using the inline function tables. The timing in the table doesn’t include absolute time, but a number of CPU cycles so that the elapsed time can be calculated accordingly to the CPU frequency. The last parameter is for a future version: the idea is to use a code offset to take into account the effect of an instruction cache. The consume functions shall be regarded as transaction calls to the operating system which guards the execution of the code. Consume suspends the execution of the code until the cycles required to execute this code have been allocated to that particular segment. Then one have to decide of the good tradeoffs for the simulation speed and the granularity of the annotations. 3. MPEG VIDEO DECODER CASE STUDY The MPEG video decoder, illustrated in Figure 8-7, is a application built to show the way of modeling a system at transaction level with the access mechanism. Its purpose was to get a hint on how fast a simulation of this level could, and which details are necessary to build an analysis. The first step was to design the platform architecture. The edit mode of the tool allows to draw the hierarchical blocks of the design with their operations. We can either define new modules or reuse existing ones that are already included into a component library. Some components are provided with the tool such as the AMBA AHB bus.
106 Chapter 8 We made a simplified system with 8 modules having one to two sc_threads: A control unit (SW) organizing all the data flows between the modules. It contains 2 threads, one to control the reception and the other to control the emission. The CPU has not been modeled. A memory, present uniquely to model the transactions to it. A camera (HW), getting the speaker video sequence, and writing video frames to memory. An extract of the code is shown in Figure 8-8 and
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EMBEDDED SOFTWARE FOR SoC
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Embedded Software for SoC Edited by
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DEDICATION This book is dedicated t
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication Conten
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Table of Conents Chapter 16 EMBEDDE
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Table of Conents Chapter 33 ADAPTIV
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PREFACE The evolution of electronic
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INTRODUCTION Embedded software is b
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Introduction xvii software consists
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Introduction xix Energy-aware techn
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PART I: EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEMS
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Chapter 1 APPLICATION MAPPING TO A
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Application Mapping to a Hardware P
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Chapter 2 FORMAL METHODS FOR INTEGR
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Formal Methods for Integration of A
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Chapter 3 LIGHTWEIGHT IMPLEMENTATIO
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Lightweight Implementation of the P
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Chapter 4 DETECTING SOFT ERRORS BY
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Detecting Soft Errors by a Purely S
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PART II: OPERATING SYSTEM ABSTRACTI
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Page 118 and 119: Chapter 8 EXPLORING SW PERFORMANCE
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Page 132 and 133: Chapter 9 A FLEXIBLE OBJECT-ORIENTE
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Page 158 and 159: Chapter 11 EVALUATION OF APPLYING S
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Page 172 and 173: Chapter 12 INTERACTIVE RAY TRACING
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Interactive Ray Tracing on Reconfig
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Chapter 13 PORTING A NETWORK CRYPTO
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Porting a Network Cryptographic Ser
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PART IV: EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEMS
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Chapter 14 INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARE
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Introduction to Hardware Abstractio
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Chapter 15 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE PARTIT
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Hardware and Software Partitioning
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Chapter 16 EMBEDDED SW IN DIGITAL A
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Embedded SW in Digital AM-FM Chipse
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Embedded SW in Digital AM-FM Chipse
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PART V: SOFTWARE OPTIMISATION FOR E
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Chapter 17 CONTROL FLOW DRIVEN SPLI
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Control Flow Driven Splitting of Lo
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Chapter 18 DATA SPACE ORIENTED SCHE
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Data Space Oriented Scheduling 233
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Chapter 19 COMPILER-DIRECTED ILP EX
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Compiler-Directed ILP Extraction 24
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Chapter 20 STATE SPACE COMPRESSION
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State Space Compression in History
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Chapter 21 SIMULATION TRACE VERIFIC
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Simulation Trace Verification for Q
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PART VI: ENERGY AWARE SOFTWARE TECH
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Chapter 22 EFFICIENT POWER/PERFORMA
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Efficient Power/Performance Analysi
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Chapter 23 DYNAMIC PARALLELIZATION
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Dynamic Parallelization of Array 30
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Chapter 24 SDRAM-ENERGY-AWARE MEMOR
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SDRAM-Energy-Aware Memory Allocatio
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PART VII: SAFE AUTOMOTIVE SOFTWARE
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Chapter 25 SAFE AUTOMOTIVE SOFTWARE
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Safe Automotive Software Developmen
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PART VIII: EMBEDDED SYSTEM ARCHITEC
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Chapter 26 EXPLORING HIGH BANDWIDTH
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Exploring High Bandwidth Pipelined
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Chapter 27 ENHANCING SPEEDUP IN NET
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Enhancing Speedup in Network Proces
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Chapter 28 ON-CHIP STOCHASTIC COMMU
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On-Chip Stochastic Communication 37
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Chapter 29 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE TECHNI
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HW/SW are Techniques for Improving
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Chapter 30 RAPID CONFIGURATION & IN
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Rapid Configuration & Instruction S
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PART IX: TRANSFORMATIONS FOR REAL-T
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Chapter 31 GENERALIZED DATA TRANSFO
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Generalized Data Transformations 42
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Chapter 32 SOFTWARE STREAMING VIA B
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Software Streaming Via Block Stream
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Chapter 33 ADAPTIVE CHECKPOINTING W
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Adaptive Checkpointing with Dynamic
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PART X: LO POWER SOFTWARE
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Chapter 34 SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURAL T
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Software Architectural Transformati
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Chapter 35 DYNAMIC FUNCTIONAL UNIT
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Dynamic Functional Unit Assignment
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Chapter 36 ENERGY-AWARE PARAMETER P
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Energy-Aware Parameter Passing 501
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Chapter 37 LOW ENERGY ASSOCIATIVE D
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Low Energy Associative Data Caches
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INDEX abstract communication access
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Index 529 packet flows parameter pa
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Embedded Software for SoC - Grupo de MecatrÃ´nica EESC/USP

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