Islamic Political Identity in Turkey

308 notes to pages 204–21092. Leonard Binder, Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), 19.93. Binder rightly argues that “the resurgence of Islam is both a threat and apromise, so the task of the moment is to appropriate religion as part of a new bourgeoisideology before it is appropriated by some rival force.” Islamic Liberalism, 17.9. the national outlook movement and the rise of the refah party1. My interviews with LütW Do:an—who served as the head of the Directorateof Religious AVairs in 1968–1971—on October 21, 1996, and August 10, 1998. Onthe role of Kotku, see Korkut Özal, Gerçek Tanìk Anlatìyor (Istanbul: Milliyet, 1994),and Süleyman Arif Emre, Siyasette 35 Yìl (Istanbul: Akabe, 1990), 185–86.2. The MGH founded Wve parties: the MNP (January 26, 1970–January 14,1972); the MSP (October 11, 1972–October 16, 1983); the RP (July 1983–January 16,1998); the FP (December 17, 1997–June 22, 2001); and the SP (June 20, 2001–).3. During my interview with Erbakan, December 12, 1997, he identitiWed A.Yesevi, B. Nak7ibend, and Yunus Emre as the intellectual fathers of Islamic identityand Fatih Sultan and Abdülhamid II as its practitioners.4. Serdar 6en, RP Partisi‘nin Teori ve Prati;i: RP Partisi, Adil Düzen veKapitalizm (Istanbul: Sarmal Yayìnevi, 1995).5. The founding charter of the MGH argued that “the task of the party is tocarry welfare, felicity/prosperity [saadet] and salvation [selamet] to all corners ofTurkey.” Milli Nizam Partisi Kurulu7 Beyannamesi (Ankara: MNP, 1970), 7. All thesegoals became the names of the Milli Görü7 movement–led parties in Turkey.6. Bernard Lewis, The Political Language of Islam (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1988), 38–39.7. Fehmi Yavuz, “Milli sözcü:ü yerine ‘Dini’ Sözcü:ü,” Yankì, September 22–28, 1975, 9.8. Ahmet Yücekök, 100 Soruda: Türkiye’de Din ve Siyaset, 3rd ed. (Istanbul:Gerçek Yayìnevi, 1983), 80.9. The founding charter of the party very much reXects the views of MehmetZahid Kotku, and articles 1, 3,5, 19, and 49 directly deal with the question of identityand justice. See Milli Nizam Partisi Kurulu7 Beyannamesi. The goal of Islam, forKotku, “is to bring salvation [selamet], prosperity [saadet] and welfare [refah] to everycorner of Turkey.” My interview with Nazif Gürdo;an, Istanbul, August 23, 2001.10. M. Gündüz Sevilgen, MSP’de Dört Yìl (1973–1977) (Istanbul: 8stiklalMatbaasì, 1979).11. Necdet Onur, Erbakan Dosyasì (Istanbul: M. Yayìnevi, 1996), 104–105.12. S. A. Emre, Siyasette 35 Yìl I (Istanbul: Akabe, 1990), 237.13. Anonymous, Niçin Milli Nizam Partisi Kapatìldì? (Ankara: Vesika Yayìnlarì,1990).14. For one of the earliest studies, see Jacob M. Landau, “The National SalvationParty,” Asian and African Studies 2, 1 (1976): 1–56, and see Ali Ya7ar Sarìbay,Türkiye’de Modernle7me Din ve Parti Politikasì: MSP Örnek Olayì (Istanbul: Alan,1985).15. 14 Ekim 1973 Milletvekili Genel Seçimleri (Ankara: State Statistic Institute,1974), and Milletvekili Genel ve Cumhuriyet Senatosu Üyeleri Yenileme Seçimi Sonuçlarì(Ankara: State Statistic Institute, 1977).16. Sadìk Albayrak, Türk Siyasi Hayatìnda MSP Olayì (Istanbul: Ara7tìrmaYayìnlarì, 1989).