Islamic Political Identity in Turkey

notes to pages 210–218 30917. Mehmet Zahid Kotku played an important role in the formation of certainpolicies; see “Politikada Nak7ibendili:in Parma:ì ve 6eyh Mehmet,” Devir 82, May27, 1974, 12–13.18. Binnaz Toprak, “Politicisation of Islam in a Secular State: The NationalSalvation Party in Turkey,” in From Nationalism to Revolutionary Islam, ed. Said AmirArjomand (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1984), 119–33.19. Interview with Altan Tan by Hüseyin Akyol, in Ba7langìcìndan GünümüzeRP’ìn Tarihsel Geli7imi (Istanbul: Pelikan Yayìnlarì, 1996), 100.20. Akyol, Ba7langìcìndan, 100–101.21. For more on the Cyprus operation and the internal coalition politics, see K.Özal, Gerçek Tanìk, 59–80; and S. A. Emre, Siyasette 35 Yìl, 2 vols. (Istanbul: Milsan,1991), 154–68.22. “Seçim 77’den Ne Çìktì,” Cumhuriyet, June 15, 1977.23. G. Sevilgen, MSP’de Dört Yìl, 242–51.24. Cahit Orhan Tütengil, “MSP’nin Aradì:ì Taban,” Cumhuriyet, May 22,1977.25. Necmettin Erbakan, Milli Görü7 (Istanbul: Dergah, 1975).26. Binnaz Toprak, “The State, Politics and Religion in Turkey,” in State,Democracy and the Military, ed. Metin Heper and Ahmet Evin (Berlin: de Gruyter,1988), 131–32.27. My interview with Abdullah Gül, Istanbul, June 10, 1994.28. Mustafa Öcal, Imam-Hatip Liseleri ve 8lk Ö:retim Okullarì (Istanbul: EnsarNesriyat, 1994).29. Ali Co7kun, Öteki Sivas (Istanbul: 8letisim Yayìnlarì, 1994).30. Vali Nasr, Islamic Leviathan (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 23.31. “Black Turk” is used to designate those Anatolians and Rumelian (theBalkans) who were excluded from the political and economic system, whereas the“White Turks” are those who have been dominating the system. See Mehmet AliSoydan, Dünden Bugüne ve Yarìna Türkiye’nin RP Gerçe:i (Erzurum: Birey Yayìncìlìk,1994).32. Fatih is one of the major conservative quarters of Istanbul, whereas Harbiyeis populated by Westernized and cosmopolitan people. 8zlenim, April 2–9, 1994; thecover page reads “The Other Turkey Wins [Öteki Türkiye Kazandì]”; For evaluationof the March 1994 election, see SaVet Solak, “Son Seçimler ve bazì gerçekler,”Zaman, April 23, 1994; Abdurrahman Dilipak, “RP’nin Ba7arìsìnda Gözardì EdilenBirkaç Nokta,” Milliyet, April 22, 1994; and Ümit Cizre Sakallìo:lu, “Alacakaranlìkku7a:ì seçimleri,” Birikim 81 (January 1996): 26–30.33. My interview with 8smail Kara, Istanbul, February 14, 1996.34. My interview with Muhsin Yazìcìo;lu, Ankara, January 10, 1996.35. My interview with Korkut Özal, Istanbul, June 11, 1997.36. Ismail Kara, “RP hareketi ve cemaatler,” Yeni Safak, October 14, 1995.37. See Milliyet and Cumhuriyet, July 1, 1985.38. Toprak, “The State, Politics and Religion,” 129.39. My interview with O:uzhan Asiltürk, Ankara, June 13, 1995.40. For more on the justiWcations of this alliance by Hasan Hüseyin Ceylan,the ex-editor of the Nak7ibendi magazine Islam and a member of the RP’s AdministrativeBoard, see special issue on “Islamic-Nationalist Alliance,” Bizim Dergah 43(October 1991); for more on the “Alliance” see Ru7en Çakìr, “52 Günlük 8ttifak,”Cumhuriyet, November 24–30, 1991.41. The MHP is an extreme right-wing entity with links to groups that are ready