Islamic Political Identity in Turkey

310 notes to pages 218–226to use violence to promote ethnic Turkish nationalism. However, in recent years, theparty became a site of power struggle between two competing visions and deWnitionsof identity: Islamist-Turkish versus Turkish groups. The Islamist-Turkish membersresigned under the leadership of Muhsin Yazìcìo:lu and established the GreaterUnity Party (BBP).42. Altan Tan, “8ttifak sürecinde Türkiyeli Müslümanlarìn siyasal mücadelealternatiW,” Tevhid 23 (November 1991), 19–22, and Fehmi Çalmuk, Erbakan’ìnKürtleri: Milli Görü7’ün Güneydo:u Politikasì (Istanbul: Metis, 2001), 37–64.43. Jenny B. White, “Islam and Democracy: The Turkish Experience,” CurrentHistory (January 1995): 7–12.44. Rapor: RP Partisi (Ankara: ARAS, 1994). This research, carried out fromSeptember 1 to 24, 1994, was conducted in 24 provinces and towns and covered5,182 people, 728 of whom claimed they had voted for the RP in the last election.The questionnaire used included 52 questions, and there were 172 in-depth interviews.On the expectations of RP supporters on sharia discussed in the followingparagraph, see pages 21–22.45. Menderes Çìnar, “Islam ekonomisi ve RP‘ìn adil ekonomik düzeni,” Birikim50 (1994): 21–32; for Necmettin Erbakan‘s speech see “MÜS8AD II. Büyük 8sti7areToplantìsìndaki Konu7ma,” June 19, 1994 (Ankara: RP, 1994).46. Ru7en Çakìr, “8slam Komunu: 8badetten E:lenceye Ortak Ya7am,” Nokta,July 17, 1988, 28–35; interview with Süleyman Karagülle, 8zlenim, September 1993,38–42; and Arif Ersoy, “Adil Düzen,” 8zlenim, October 1993, 56–59.47. According to one story, the booklet was written by Karagülle and printedunder the name of Erbakan. N. Erbakan, Adil Düzen (Ankara: RP, 1991).48. Erbakan, “MÜS8AD II. Büyük 8sti7are Toplantìsìndaki Konu7ma.”49. These answers were elicited in the interviews carried out by me in Konyaand Kayseri between April and June 1994.50. Bünyamin Duran, “Tevhid-Duyarlì Siyasetin Önemli 8lkesi: Adalet,” Köprü58 (Spring 1997): 37–53.51. RP Partisi (Ankara: Ara7, 1994).52. My interview with a group of RP supporters in Maltepe, Istanbul, June 12,1997.53. Interview with Necmettin Erbakan, Ankara, June 10, 1994. “AT” is theabbreviation in Turkish for “European Community,” and “at” is the Turkish word for“horse.”54. In the speeches of Abdullah Gül, deputy from Kayseri, the Ottomans are thereference point.55. For more on “repertories of action,” see Charles Tilley, From Mobilization toRevolution (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1978).56. Necmettin Erbakan, “Kahramanmara7 Belediye Binasìnda BasìnToplantìsì,” June 28, 1993, in Erbakan’ìn Konu7malarì Haziran 1993 (Ankara: RP,1993), 211.57. This diVerentiation was made clear in my interviews with Abdullah Gül andLütfü Do:an, Ankara, July 12, 1995.58. Ömer Vehbi Hatipo:lu, Bir Ba7ka Açìdan Kürt Sorunu (Ankara: Mesaj,1992).59. From the speech Erbakan delivered on February 2, 1996, in Ankara duringthe 8ftar dinner organized by the pro-RP ESAM Foundation, which I attended.60. My interview with Necmettin Erbakan, Ankara, June 8, 1994.61. For the debate between Renewalists and Conservatives, see “Yeni Dönemde