The effects of activated carbon and plants diversity ... - 华南农业大学

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华南农业大学农学院第三届综述大赛获奖作品论文集一等奖作品 :一等奖作品The effects of activated carbon and plants diversity on plantautotoxicityLiang XiaotingInstitute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Wushan,Guangzhou 510642, P.R. ChinaAbstract: Autotoxicity is a common phenomenon, and many plants have been reported asautotoxic species. A mixed plant stand diversifies allelochemical release into the soil, whichmay reduce allelopathic potential and autotoxicity of a specific species in turn. Activatedcarbon (AC), as a technique for neutralizing allelopathic compounds in the soil, is widely used.Understanding the effects of activated carbon and plants diversity on plants autotoxicity, iscritical to provide a greater generality to the overall effect of maintaing or enhancingbiodiversity. This article reviews the researches done on the plant autotoxicity and itsalleviation of by activated carbon and plants diversityKeywords: Autotoxicity Allelopathic Plant diversity Activated carbon1. IntroductionAllelopathy refers to direct or indirect, beneficial or detrimental effects of one plant onothers through the release of chemicals into the nearby environment (Rice 1984). Allelopathymay occur between different plant species or between plants of the same species. Autotoxicityis defined as a process where a plant or its decomposing residues release toxic chemicalsubstances into the environment to inhibit germination and growth of the same plant species(Miller 1996; Putnam 1985) , and may reduce plants population and productivity. It exists bothin natural and agricultural ecosystems and is important mechanism to disperse the individualsof a population, avoiding intraspecific competition, regulate the species population over spaceand time and maintains the seed dormancy for long time in agriculture and foestry (Liu et al,2007).Allelopathic compounds have been shown to play important roles in the determination ofplant diversity, dominance, succession, and climax of natural vegetation and in the plantproductivity of agroecosystems (Chou, 1999). Both allelopathy and autointoxication play animportant mechanism in regulating plant biodiversity and plant productivity. As a technique forneutralizing allelopathic compounds in the soil, activated carbon (AC) is widely used. Hence,1
华南农业大学农学院第三届综述大赛获奖作品论文集一等奖作品there is increasing interest in the effects of activated carbon and plants diversity research onplants autotoxicity, and it is also critical to provide a greater generality to the overall effect ofmaintaing or enhancing biodiversity.2. Plants autotoxicityAutotoxicity is a common phenomenon in both natural and manipulated ecosystems. Ithas been related to many problems in agriculture and forestry systems, e.g., soil sickness,continuous cropping obstacles, orchard replanting problems, and forest regeneration etc. Innatural ecosystems autotoxicity may have important ecological implications, minimizingintraspecific competition, extending seed dispersal, regulating plant population over spaceand time, and maintaining seed dormancy over a long period of time in stressful environments(Liu et al. 2007; Singh et al. 1999). Autotoxicity can be a driving force in succession of someplant community (Jackson and Willemsen 1976; Quinn 1974).Continuous cropping and monoculture could lead to allelochemical accumulation in thesoils. Mazzoleni (2007) proposed that autotoxicity is a common phenomenon, and it isstronger than phytotoxic effects on other species, thus largely affecting ecosystem stability,productivity and diversity. One of the four main mechanisms which proposed to explainplant-soil negative feedback was the release of phytotoxic compounds during organic matterdecomposition (Armstrong and Armstrong 2001; Singh et al. 1999; Webb et al. 1967).Several agricultural crops such as rice (Chou and Lin 1976), wheat (Einhellig 2004), alfalfa(Chen et al. 2002), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Ben-Hammouda et al. 2002), ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) (Fageria and Baligar 2003), corn (Lin et al. 2005a; Lin et al. 2005b),mungbean (Vigna radiata) (Kim and Kil 2001), Asparagus officinalis (Kato-Noguchi 2004;Loffredo and Senesi 2006), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (Zhou et al. 1997), cucumber(Cucumis sativus) (Yu and Matsui 1994) have been reported to exhibit strong autotoxicity.During the past three decades many studies have showed that alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.)is not only heterotoxic to other plant species, but also autotoxic to its own (Nielsen et al. 1960;Guenzi and McCalla 1964; McElgunn and Heinrichs 1970; Klein and Miller 1980; Miller 1983;Kehr and Ogden 1983; Hall and Henderlong 1989; Dornbos Jr et al. 1990; Hegde and Miller1992a; Chung 1994; Jennings 1996; 1991; Chon et al. 2000; Chon et al. 2002; Seguin et al.2002). Water-soluble substances in alfalfa fresh leaves, stems, crowns, dry hay, old roots, andsoil residues are autotoxic to alfalfa seed germination and early seedling growth (Jensen et al.1981). However, the autotoxic substances are significantly different among plant parts. Chonand Kim (2002) showed that the growth inhibition by the extracts from leaves was the highest,which were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those fromroots, stems and seeds, respectively. The type and concentration of allelochemicals in alfalfa2
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The effects of activated carbon and plants diversity ... - 华南农业大学

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