Eighth to the Sixteenth Century - Rashid Islamic Center

Chronology of Events • xxithe names of diseases, medicines, the physiological processor treatment, and the function of the human organsAbu Rayhan al-Biruni (973–1048) one of the greatestscientists in history; astronomer and mathematician whodetermined the earth’s circumferenceIbn Sina (980–1037) the greatest physician and philosopherof his time, the author of Canon of MedicineAl-Zarqali (1028–1087) mathematician and astronomer,who excelled at the construction of precision instrumentsfor astronomical use; constructed a flat astrolabe that was“universal” for it could be used at any latitude; built a waterclock capable of determining the hours of the day andnight and indicating the days of the lunar months1085 Christians took ToledoIbn Zuhr (1091–1161) physician, surgeon, most prominentparasitologist of the Middle Ages, the first to test differentmedicines on animals before using them with humans1095 Pope Urban called for Crusade1099 Jerusalem taken by CrusadersTwelfth CenturyOmar Khayyam (1048-1131) mathematician, astronomer,and philosopher, well known in the West for his poetryAbu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058–1111) philosopher andtheologian, the most influential scholar, who remains animportant intellectual figure to this dayIbn al Tilmidh (b. ca. 1073–1165) pharmacist who wrote alAqrabadhinIbn Bajjah (d. ca. 1138) philosopher, scientist, physician,musician, commentator on AristotleAl-Idrisi (1100–1166) geographer and cartographer, whoconstructed a world globe map of 400 kg pure silver,precisely recording on it the seven continents with traderoutes; his work was the best of Arab-Norman scientificcollaboration