Eighth to the Sixteenth Century - Rashid Islamic Center

xxii • The Making of Islamic ScienceIbn Tufayl (1105–1186) Andalusian physician, author ofHayy bin YaqzanGerard of Cremona (b. ca. 1114–1187) translator of workson science from Arabic to LatinAl-Khazini (b. ca. 1115– d. ca.1130) astronomer, engineer,inventor of scientific instruments, wrote about the scienceof weights and art of constructing balances, renowned forhis hydrostatic balanceIbn Rushd (1126–1198) Andalusian physician, philosopher,judge, astronomer, commentator on Aristotle; the mostpopular Muslim philosopher in the Latin WestAl-Samawal (1130–1180) mathematician, extendedarithmetic operations to handle polynomialsAl-Bitruji (fl. ca. 1190) astronomer, natural philosopher,and mathematicianCrusaders defeated by Salah al-Din Ayyubi (d. 1193)Al-Suhrawardi (d. 1191) one of the greatest mystics of Islamwho integrated philosophical cosmologies with IslamicworldviewThirteenth CenturyIbn al-Baytar (b. ca. 1190–d. 1248) pharmacologist andbotanist who systematized the known animal, vegetable,and mineral medicinesAl-Jazari (fl. ca. 1204) inventor of technologies, wrote TheBook of Knowledge of Ingenious DevicesFahkr al-Din al-Razi (d. 1210) exegete and philosopher,author of the commentary Mafatih al-GhaybAl-Samarqandi (d. 1222) physician who wrote on symptomsand treatment of diseasesIbn Nafis (1213–1288) physician who first described thepulmonary circulation of the blood, whose ComprehensiveBook on the Art of Medicine consisted of 300 volumesIbn Jubayr (d. 1217) philosopher, geographer, and traveler