Eighth to the Sixteenth Century - Rashid Islamic Center

xxvi • The Making of Islamic Science1722 Afghans conquered Iran and ended the Safavid dynasty1736 Nadir Shah (d. 1747) assumed the title of Shah of Persiaand founded the Afsharid dynasty, defeated the Mughalsand sacked Delhi 17391757 Battle of Plassey marked the beginning of British rule inIndia1781–1925 Qajar Empire in Iran1789 Napoleon arrived in EgyptHajji Mulla Hadi Sabzwari (b. 1797 or 1798–1873)philosopher, most prominent of Qajar periodNineteenth CenturyMost of the Muslim world colonized by European powersSyed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898) published an incompletescientific commentary (tafsir) on the QurāĀnSayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-1897) Muslim thinkerwho debated with the French philosopher Ernst Renan onreligion and scienceNew scientific institutions modeled on European patternswere established in the colonies; official languages changedto English or French in most of the Muslim world1857 India became a British colony1880 Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Iskandarani, an Egyptianphysician published the first complete scientific tafsir of theQurāĀnTwentieth Century1900-1920 Nationalistic movements emerged in many parts of theMuslim world1920-50 Struggle for independence throughout the Muslim world1950-1965 Decolonization and rapid emergence of new nation statesin the entire Muslim world