Eighth to the Sixteenth Century - Rashid Islamic Center

278 • The Making of Islamic Scienceto Darwin. Westport: Greenwood Press. Part of the GreenwoodGuides to Science and Religion, this book outlines the nature of theinteraction between science and Christianity between 1450 and 1900.Owen, Roger. 2004. Lord Cromer: Victorian Imperialist, EdwardianProconsul. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. The firstbiography of the British de facto ruler of Egypt from 1883 to 1907.Pagel, Walter. 1977. “Medical Humanism: A Historical Necessity in theEra of the Renaissance.” In Francis Maddison, Margaret Pelling, andCharles Webster, eds. Linacre Studies: Essays on the Life and Works ofThomas Linacre c. 1460-1525. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 375–386.Panipati, Shaikh Muhammad Ismail. ed., 1993. Letters to and fromSir Syed Ahmad Khan. Lahore: Majlis Taraqi-e Adab, Board forAdvancement of Literature. These letters are an important sourcefor understanding the worldview of Indian reformer, Sayyid AhmadKhan who wrote a partial commentary of the QurāĀn in which heattempted to show a relationship between modern science and theQurāĀn.Perry, Whitall N., 1995. The Widening Breach: Evolutionism in the Mirrorof Cosmology. Barlow: Quinta Essentia. A traditional critique of thetheory of evolution, this is by far the best work which examines thetheory of evolution from the perspective of cosmology.Pines, Shlomo. 1986. “What was original in Arabic science.” In Studiesin Arabic Versions of Greek Texts and in Medieval Science. Jerusalem:Magnes, the Hebrew University, p. 193.Pingree, David. 1970. “The Fragments of the Works of al-Fazari.” Journalof Near Eastern Studies. 29: 103–123.Pratt, Lattin. 1961. The Letters of Gilbert with His Papal Privileges asSylvester II. Translated with an Introduction. New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press.Q. Al-QurāĀn. Muslims consider the QurāĀn to be the actual speechof God and hence untranslatable; only the meanings of the versescan be communicated in another language. Most “translations,”therefore, are renderings of the Arabic text. In quoting the verses ofthe QurāĀn, the first number refers to the surah (chapter), the secondto the âya (verse).