Eighth to the Sixteenth Century - Rashid Islamic Center

Chronology of Events • xxiii1219–1329 Mongol raids caused enormous destruction of cities andeconomiesAl-Maghribi (1220–1283) trigonometrist and astronomerChristians took CordobaIbn al-Arabi (d. 1240) exponent of Sufi monism, wroteimportant works on cosmologyAl-Suri (d. 1241) pharmacologist, who documented everyknown medicinal plant1258 Baghdad destroyed by Mongols, ended the AbbasidCaliphate1261 Mamluk dynasty established in EgyptNasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) astronomer andmathematician who specialized in non-Euclidean geometryAl-Qazwini (b. ca.1203–1283) cosmographer andgeographer1232–1492 Construction of al-Hambra1236 Fall of Cordoba to Christians1244 Crusaders lost Jerusalem for the last time1254–1517 Mamluk rule in Egypt1261 Foundation of the gazi principalities in Western Anatolia,the beginning of the Ottoman Empire1258 Baghdad taken by Mongols1267 First Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia1271 Latin empire collapsed; Byzantine rule restored inConstantinopleJalaluddin Rumi (d. 1273) Sufi, the author of MasnaviFourteenth Century1300 Timbuctu, Mali, and Gao became important centers oflearning1300–1453 Growth of Ottoman Empire1303 Mongols defeated by Mamluks in Egypt