Eighth to the Sixteenth Century - Rashid Islamic Center

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Islam and Modern Science: Contemporary Issues • 215theft of recently buried cadavers to the unethical use of placentasand umbilical cords to produce stem cells for huge profit.When a sperm and an ovum fuse together, a fertilized egg isproduced. This begins to divide, ultimately yielding the full humanbody. In the very early phases of division, the daughter cells are“totipotent”—each may be capable of starting off as if it were themother cell, to yield a complete individual. Later generations of cells,which cannot give a total body but can, under special treatment, bedirected to produce certain tissues or organs, are called “multipotent”or “stem cells.” Stem cells produced from adult blood or placenta andumbilical cord blood are helpful in the treatment of a limited numberof diseases, while stem cells recovered from the early embryo hold thepromise of curing a wider range of known diseases. This has led to apractice of destroying a living embryo for harvesting stem cells.The sequence and timing of research has dictated a certainorder to the dilemmas. For instance, IVF techniques have producedthousands of frozen embryos stored in various laboratories aroundthe world. Later it became known that frozen embryos have a highincidence of pathogenic mutations. With advances in stem cellresearch it became obvious that these embryos can be used to harveststem cells. Does this not amount to destroying a living embryo?These dilemmas are not merely ethical and religious in naturebut also legal, requiring governments to legislate laws. In the Westernworld, legislation on these issues has emerged from an institutionalstructure already in place. These procedures have allowed theparticipation of scientists, lawmakers, and all kinds of religiousand public opinions to play an active role in the process. Whetheror not a certain government allows and funds stem cell research hasbeen determined through these existing procedures, and decisionsremain open to future modifications. For example, Canada had nolaws or guidelines to govern stem cell research or federal fundinguntil March 2002, when the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR) announced guidelines for human pluripotent stem cellresearch. These were adopted by the major federal funding agencies;it was agreed that no research with human pluripotent stem cellswould be funded without the prior review and approval of theStem Cell Oversight Committee (SCOC) in conformity with CIHRguidelines. While the CIHR was developing these guidelines, the
216 • The Making of Islamic Sciencefederal government had its committees working on legislations onassisted human reproduction, including the use of human embryosfor research. After due process, Bill C-6 (Act Respecting AssistedHuman Reproduction and Related Research) became law in March2004. The SCOC and CIHR’s electronically accessible nationalregistry of human embryonic stem cell lines generated in Canadaare to play an important role in Canadian stem cell research. Theguidelines, effective June 28, 2006, and related issues are availableon the CIHR’s website (http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/printimprimer.pl).In 2001, the President of the United States announced federalpolicy for the funding of stem cell research, which allowed federalfunding for research using the sixty existing stem cell lines thathave already been derived, but it did not sanction or encourage thedestruction of additional human embryos. The rationale was thatembryos from which the existing stem cell lines were created hadalready been destroyed and no longer have the possibility of furtherdevelopment as human beings. It was believed that federal fundingof these existing stem cell lines would allow scientists to explorethe potential of this research for the lives of millions of people whosuffer from life-destroying diseases, without destroying the life offurther potential human beings. The creation of a new PresidentialCouncil on Bioethics was also announced. The Council’s mandatewas “to study the human and moral ramifications of developmentsin biomedical and behavioral science and technology and to studysuch issues as embryo and stem cell research, assisted reproduction,cloning, genetic screening, gene therapy, euthanasia, psychoactivedrugs, and brain implants” (http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/07/20060719-3.html).On July 19, 2006, the President of the United States vetoed H.R.810, the “Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005,” because hefelt that it had crossed a certain moral limit and that it would meanthat “American taxpayers for the first time in our history would becompelled to fund the deliberate destruction of human embryos.Crossing this line would be a grave mistake and would needlesslyencourage a conflict between science and ethics that can only dodamage to both and harm our nation as a whole” (http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/ 2006/07/20060719-3.html).
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LJThe Making of Islamic Science is
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The Making ofIslamic ScienceMuzaffa
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ContentsPrefaceChronology of Events
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viii • The Making of Islamic Scie
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x • The Making of Islamic Science
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xii • The Making of Islamic Scien
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Preface • xvFor these and other r
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xxvi • The Making of Islamic Scie
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L1JIntroductionIt can be said that
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Introduction • 3had spread throug
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Introduction • 5QurāĀn) had eme
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Introduction • 7with respect to b
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Introduction • 9placed at the hea
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L2JAspects of Islamic Scientific Tr
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Aspects of Islamic Scientific Tradi
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L3JFacets of the Islam andScience R
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The Mosque, the Laboratory, and the
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L5JIslam, Transmission, andthe Decl
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Page 256 and 257: AfterwordIs Islamic Science Possibl
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Annotated BibliographyAhmad, S. Maq
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Annotated Bibliography • 267Trans
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Annotated Bibliography • 269Dante
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Annotated Bibliography • 279Rashe
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IndexAAbbasids xvii, xxiii, xxv, 9-
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Index • 285caliphate 9-11, 157Can
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Index • 287183-89, 191, 193, 194,
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Index • 28941, 61, 62, 66-69, 89,
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Eighth to the Sixteenth Century - Rashid Islamic Center

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