A History of English Language

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A history of the english language 204 Pondering, expending, 10 and revoluting with my selfe, your ingent 11 affabilitie, and ingenious capacity for mundaine affaires: I cannot but celebrate, & extol your magnifical dexteritie above all other. For how could you have adepted 12 such illustrate prerogative, and dominicall superioritie, if the fecunditie of your ingenie 13 had not been so fertile and wonderfull pregnant. Now therefore being accersited 14 to such splendente renoume and dignitie splendidious: I doubt not but you will adjuvate 15 such poore adnichilate 16 orphanes, as whilome ware condisciples 17 with you, and of antique familiaritie in Lincolneshire. Among whom I being a scholasticall panion, 18 obtestate 19 your sublimitie, to extoll mine infirmitie. There is a Sacerdotall dignitie in my native Countrey, contiguate to me, where I now contemplate: which your worshipfull benignitie could sone impetrate 20 for mee, if it would like you to extend 10 weighing mentally (L. expendere) 11 huge (L. ingens) 12 attained (L. adeptus) 13 mind, intellect (L. ingenium) 14 brought (L. accersitus) 15 aid (L. adjuvare) 16 reduced to nothing (L. ad nihil) 17 fellow-students 18 companion 19 call upon (L. obtestari, to call upon as a witness) 20 procure (L. impetrare)
The renaissance, 1500-1650 205 your sedules, and collaude 21 me in them to the right honourable Lord Chauncellor, or rather Archgrammacian of Englande. You know my literature, you knowe the pastorall promotion. I obtestate your clemencie, to invigilate 22 thus much for me, according to my confidence, and as you knowe my condigne merites for such a compendious living. But now I relinquish to fatigate your intelligence, with any more frivolous verbositie, and therfore he that rules the climates, be evermore your beautreux, your fortresse, and your bulwarke. Amen. Dated at my Dome 23 or rather Mansion place in Lincolnshire, the penulte of the moneth Sextile. Anno Millimo, quillimo, trillimo. Per me Johannes Octo. What wiseman reading this Letter, will not take him for a very Caulf that made it in good earnest, and thought by his ynke pot termes to get a good Parsonage? In the letter included in the above passage the italicized words were new in Wilson’s day and therefore somewhat strange and obscure—dark, as he says—to the ordinary reader. Of the forty-five, thirty are not found before the sixteenth century, and the remaining fifteen are of such infrequent occurrence as to be considered by him inkhorn terms. It is interesting to note in passing that many of them are in common use today. 159. The Defense of Borrowing. The attitude revealed in these utterances was apparently not the prevailing one. There were many more who in precept or practice approved of judicious importations. As Dryden wrote somewhat later, “I trade both with the living and the dead, for the enrichment of our native tongue. We have enough in England to supply our necessity, but if we will have things of magnificence and splendour, we must get them by commerce.” 24 The innovators had precedent on their side. Not only had English borrowed much in the past, but, as they frequently pointed out, all other languages, including Latin and Greek, had enriched themselves in this way. 25 The strangeness of the new words, they argued, would soon wear off. As Mulcaster observed, we must first become acquainted with any new thing 21 recommend 22 be watchful 23 house (L. domus) 24 Dedication to his translation of the Aeneid (1697). 25 In France the same argument was being employed: “To wish to take away from a learned man who desires to enrich his language the freedom sometimes to adopt uncommon words would be to restrain our language, not yet rich enough, under a more rigorous law than that which the Greek and Romans gave themselves” (Du Bellay, Deffence et Illustration, chap. 6).
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A History of the English Language F
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A History of the English Language F
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Contents Preface viii 1 English Pre
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Preface Before the present author e
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PHONETIC SYMBOLS [a] in father [a]
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1 English Present and Future 1. The
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English present and future 3 4. The
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English present and future 5 increa
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English present and future 7 French
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English present and future 9 learne
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English present and future 11 words
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English present and future 13 our t
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English present and future 15 World
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The Indo-European family of languag
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Old english 39 extended beyond a pr
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Old english 41 hundred towns, with
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Old english 43 whom almost certainl
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Old english 45 36. The Names “Eng
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Old english 47 39. The Dialects of
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Old english 49 fæger (fair), or s
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Old english 51 present the inflecti
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Old english 53 While the ordinary m
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Old english 55 The origin of the de
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Old english 57
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Old english 59 ‘proudly’, and t
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Old english 61 a saddle, the shield
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Old english 63 people. The literatu
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Old english 65 history of the rest
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4 Foreign Influences on Old English
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Foreign influences on old english 6
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The norman conquest and the subject
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The reestablishment of english, 120
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Middle english 147 and adjective ma
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Middle english 149 is clear that th
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Middle english 151 While an occasio
Page 165 and 166: Middle english 153 mations has been
Page 167 and 168: Middle english 155 the reality of M
Page 169 and 170: Middle english 157 the French words
Page 171 and 172: Middle english 159 brandish, vanqui
Page 173 and 174: Middle english 161 all the words in
Page 175 and 176: Middle english 163 whether found in
Page 177 and 178: Middle english 165 English vocabula
Page 179 and 180: Middle english 167 English word occ
Page 181 and 182: Middle english 169 French: forcover
Page 183 and 184: Middle english 171 142. Latin Borro
Page 185 and 186: Middle english 173 far this affecta
Page 187 and 188: Middle english 175 native populatio
Page 189 and 190: Middle english 177 the Middle Engli
Page 191 and 192: Middle english 179 148. The Rise of
Page 193 and 194: Middle english 181 the precise form
Page 195 and 196: Middle english 183 leef or tweyne,
Page 197 and 198: Middle english 185 phonology and mo
Page 199 and 200: 8 The Renaissance, 1500-1650 152. C
Page 201 and 202: The renaissance, 1500-1650 189 bein
Page 203 and 204: The renaissance, 1500-1650 191 disc
Page 205 and 206: The renaissance, 1500-1650 193 well
Page 207 and 208: The renaissance, 1500-1650 195 That
Page 209 and 210: The renaissance, 1500-1650 197 cent
Page 211 and 212: The renaissance, 1500-1650 199 I la
Page 213 and 214: The renaissance, 1500-1650 201 expr
Page 215: The renaissance, 1500-1650 203 they
Page 219 and 220: The renaissance, 1500-1650 207 160.
Page 221 and 222: The renaissance, 1500-1650 209 anac
Page 223 and 224: The renaissance, 1500-1650 211 word
Page 225 and 226: The renaissance, 1500-1650 213 seve
Page 227 and 228: The renaissance, 1500-1650 215 of t
Page 229 and 230: The renaissance, 1500-1650 217 rein
Page 231 and 232: The renaissance, 1500-1650 219 heap
Page 233 and 234: The renaissance, 1500-1650 221 occu
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Page 239 and 240: The renaissance, 1500-1650 227 sugg
Page 241 and 242: The renaissance, 1500-1650 229 It m
Page 243 and 244: The renaissance, 1500-1650 231 spea
Page 247 and 248: The renaissance, 1500-1650 235 good
Page 249 and 250: The renaissance, 1500-1650 237 Sixt
Page 251 and 252: The appeal to authority, 1650-1800
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The appeal to authority, 1650-1800
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10 The Nineteenth Century and After
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The nineteenth century and after 28
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11 The English Language in America
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The english language in america 333
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APPENDIX A Specimens of the Middle
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Appendix A 389 East Midland The Bes
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Appendix A 391 down to the ground a
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Appendix A 393 Ac ich alle blisse m
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Appendix A 395 Characteristic of th
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Appendix A 397 Of Engelond, to Caun
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APPENDIX B English Spelling The fol
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Appendix B 401 straunge wordes as l
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Appendix B 403 more he tooke God so
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Appendix B 405 words, whose Etymolo
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Index 407 Alabama, 354 Albanian bra
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Index 409 Bacon, Francis, 261 Bacon
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Brakelond, Jocelyn de, 122, 124 Bra
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Index 413 Chamberlain, John, 209, 4
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Index 415 words from, 303 Dalby, D.
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Index 417 East Africa, English lang
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Index 419 Flügel, Ewald, 286 Folio
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Index 421 Goodenough, Ward H., 40 G
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Hill, A.A., 402 Hill, David, 72-73
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Index 425 Jackson, Kenneth, 72 Jaes
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Index 427 Lance, Donald M., 407 Lan
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Index 429 Lycian, 26 Lydgate, John,
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Index 431 Milton, John, 183, 224, 2
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Index 433 Nunnally, Thomas, 407 Nyn
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Peterborough Chronicle, 166 Peterho
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Index 437 Quirk, Randolph, 56, 316
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St. Mary’s Abbey, York, 147 Sallu
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Index 441 Society of Antiquaries, 2
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Index 443 Scandinavian, influence o
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Index 445 Verb-adverb combinations,
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Index 447 Woodbine, George E., 157
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A History of English Language

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