Energy and Human Ambitions on a Finite Planet, 2021a

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17 Comparison of Alternatives 302 5. Why is it so hard to satisfy transportation needs? What is it about fossil fuels that has made transportation so much easier than electrified transport would be? 6. Verify—showing work—the claim on page 292 that a car refueling at a gasoline station is transferring energy at a rate in the neighborhood of 15 MW if the transfer rate is about 6 gallons (23 L) per minute 32 <strong>and</strong> gasoline contains about 34 MJ per liter. 32: Time it yourself some time. 7. What is at about the backyard 33 attribute that earns so many red 33: . . . just shorth<strong>and</strong> for energy on a personal scores? What does this tell you about access to energy <strong>and</strong> the scale at home complexity of its capture/use? 8. What two resources are crippled by intermittency? How might that challenge be mitigated so that it is less problematic? What are some difficulties in this solution? 9. If biofuels turn out to be hampered by low EROEI values, the only transportation-friendly option left is artificial photosynthesis, which was not covered in this book because it’s not a “real thing” at this time—as captured by the two red squares for difficulty <strong>and</strong> demonstrated. Two questions: a) What other resources are in a similar “not real yet” state, based on the same red squares? b) What is most encouraging about the prospect of obtaining liquid fuels from sunlight? What problems does it solve for solar power <strong>and</strong> for transportation? 10. Figure 17.2 left out firewood as an energy resource, even though it has been with us for a long time <strong>and</strong> will no doubt continue to provide home heating. What would the ten colors be for this resource of intermediate abundance in the context of home heating? What would its score be, <strong>and</strong> which sources is it then tied with? Justify each of your color choices. 11. (Suggest triple-credit problem) For the sake of simplicity <strong>and</strong> transparency, the scoring system used a simple uniform weighting for each of the 10 attributes, but it is unlikely all ten are equally important. Make up your own weighting scheme. 34 For each energy resource, blue cells add the corresponding category’s weight, <strong>and</strong> red subtracts, <strong>and</strong> yellow does nothing. Re-score the matrix using your own weights—including the fossil fuels. Now re-order the matrix from highest to lowest score <strong>and</strong> comment on any major upheaval from the nominal ordering. What are the big surprises? Did the fossil fuel gap persist? Different students may get different results, but this will provide some appreciation for considerations that enter the creation of such a scoring scheme. 34: A category might be worth 2 points, 0.3 points, 5 points, or whatever you wish; need not add to 10 First, make sure you can reproduce the scoring in the present table based on all weights being 1.0. © 2021 T. W. Murphy, Jr.; Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Lic.; Freely available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/energy_ambitions.
Part IV Going Forward We have layered an artificial world atop the natural one. Which do you think will st<strong>and</strong> the test of time? The sooner we dovetail back to the natural, the greater our chances for success become.
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UC San Diego Energy</strong
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Copyright: © 2021 T. W. Murphy, Jr
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v Preface: Before Taking the Plunge
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vii to internalize (“own") the co
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facilitating a quick return to the
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xi Contents Preface: Before Taking
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8.4 Fossil Fuel Pros and</s
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15.4.8 Pros and Co
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D.2 Cosmic Energy
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2 1 Exponential Growth Huma
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1 Exponential Growth 4 The populati
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1 Exponential Growth 6 case we get:
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1 Exponential Growth 8 10 13 <stron
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1 Exponential Growth 10 the impossi
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1 Exponential Growth 12 which we ca
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1 Exponential Growth 14 3. Our exam
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1 Exponential Growth 16 22. Adapt E
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2 Economic Growth Limits 18 But res
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2 Economic Growth Limits 20 perhaps
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2 Economic Growth Limits 22 theoret
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2 Economic Growth Limits 24 2.3 Phy
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2 Economic Growth Limits 26 who wan
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2 Economic Growth Limits 28 Just be
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30 3 Population Underlying virtuall
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3 Population 32 In more recent year
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3 Population 34 which is really jus
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3 Population 36 Definition 3.2.3 Ov
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3 Population 38 halfway to the limi
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3 Population 40 50 Niger Birth rate
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3 Population 42 Figure 3.14: Absolu
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3 Population 44 Country Population
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3 Population 46 continue until all
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3 Population 48 began to climb, lea
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3 Population 50 think that is (hint
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3 Population 52 22. The set of diag
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54 4 Space Exploration vs. Coloniza
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4 Space Colonization 56 Body Symbol
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4 Space Colonization 58 scale of th
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4 Space Colonization 60 4.3 A Host
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4 Space Colonization 62 Hum
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4 Space Colonization 64 4.5 Upshot:
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4 Space Colonization 66 Americans g
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Summary of Current Charges (See pag
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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84 6 Putting Thermal Energy
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6 Putting Thermal Energy</s
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102 7 The Energy L
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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114 8 Fossil Fuels We are now ready
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8 Fossil Fuels 116 ultimately consi
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8 Fossil Fuels 118 16 14 12 gas 2 T
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8 Fossil Fuels 120 barrel of crude
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8 Fossil Fuels 122 Note that fossil
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8 Fossil Fuels 124 problem of uncer
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8 Fossil Fuels 126 4. Increased dif
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8 Fossil Fuels 128 rate at which it
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8 Fossil Fuels 130 The U.S. experie
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8 Fossil Fuels 132 Box 8.3: Resourc
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8 Fossil Fuels 134 scarcity <strong
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8 Fossil Fuels 136 occupies 7.4 mL
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138 9 Climate Change Climate change
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9 Climate Change 140 When the measu
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9 Climate Change 142 80 CO2 ppmV an
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9 Climate Change 144 (p. 10) that t
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9 Climate Change 146 change, but a
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9 Climate Change 148 9.3 Possible T
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9 Climate Change 150 140 CO2 ppmV a
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9 Climate Change 152 directly escap
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9 Climate Change 154 component math
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9 Climate Change 156 1880, sea leve
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9 Climate Change 158 The last chapt
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9 Climate Change 160 skeptic” who
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9 Climate Change 162 forcing is 3
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164 10 Renewable Overview We now un
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10 Renewable Overview 166 The sun w
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10 Renewable Overview 168 Treating
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10 Renewable Overview 170 Source qB
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10 Renewable Overview 172 sun overh
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11 Hydroelectric Energy</st
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184 12 Wind Energy
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12 Wind Energy 186
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12 Wind Energy 188
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12 Wind Energy 190
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12 Wind Energy 192
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12 Wind Energy 194
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12 Wind Energy 196
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13 Solar Energy 19
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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14 Biological Energy</stron
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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Page 308 and 309: 16 Small Players 288 5. What are yo
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Page 324 and 325: 304 18 Human Facto
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Page 336 and 337: 316 19 A Plan Might Be Welcome Havi
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Page 348 and 349: 328 20 Adaptation Strategies We mad
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Page 356 and 357: 20 Adaptation Strategies 336 Exampl
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Page 360 and 361: 20 Adaptation Strategies 340 Defini
Page 362 and 363: 20 Adaptation Strategies 342 Since
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Page 370 and 371: 350 Epilogue This book may be distr
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Epilogue 352 ◮ Fossil fuels are a
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354 Image Attributions 1. Cover Pho
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356 Changes and Co
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Part V Appendices
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A.1 Relax on the Decimals 360 What
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A.3 Areas and Volu
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A.4 Fractions 364 Figure A.1: Paral
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A.6 Fractional Powers 366 writing t
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A.8 Equation Hunting 368 to perform
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A.10 Units Manipulation 370 Looks l
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A.10 Units Manipulation 372 we soug
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A.11 Just the Start 374 useful foun
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B.2 Stoichiometry 376 other element
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B.2 Stoichiometry 378 + C + O 2 CO
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B.3 Chemical Energy</strong
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B.4 Ideal Gas Law 382 Example B.4.2
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C Selected Answers 384 10. May help
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C Selected Answers 386 19. Twice, t
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C Selected Answers 388 Chapter 11 1
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C Selected Answers 390 13. Box bare
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Alluring Tangents D This Appendix c
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D.2 Cosmic Energy
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D.2 Cosmic Energy
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D.3 Electrified Transport 398 Box 1
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D.3 Electrified Transport 400 It is
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D.4 Pushing Out the Moon 402 D.3.6
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D.5 Humanity’s L
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D.5 Humanity’s L
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D.6 Too Smart to Succeed? 408 Can i
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D.6 Too Smart to Succeed? 410 as we
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412 Bibliography References are in
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414 [30] International Space Statio
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416 [63] NASA. The NASA Earth’s <
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418 [97] D A Pfeiffer. Eating Fossi
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420 Notation This list describes se
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422 Glossary AC alternating current
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424 thing as a kilocalorie. Note th
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426 demographic transition refers t
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428 EROEI Energy R
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430 specific heat capacity is 4,184
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432 kWh kilowatt-hour. 76, 159, 214
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434 parts per million by mass (ppm
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436 refinement is the process by wh
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438 triton is the nucleus of tritiu
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440 fossil fuel intensity, 138 hist
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442 heat pump, 99, 297 geothermal e
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444 capacity factor, 216, 217 cell
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