Energy and Human Ambitions on a Finite Planet, 2021a

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442 heat pump, 99, 297 geothermal energy, 165, 167, 275–280, 295 depletion mining, 277–278, 297 energy density, 277 origin, 275 practical implementation, 278–280, 295 production statistics, 279 sustainable harvest, 276–277, 297 usage, 106, 108 global energy scale, 7, 168 gravitational potential energy, 174, 173–175 weakness, 174–175 Greek letters, 421 Green Revolution, 31, 123, 124 greenhouse effect, 12, 144, 146, 151 greenhouse gases, 145, 146, 144–146, 151 Greenl<strong>and</strong>, 140, 153, 156 growth, see also exponential dependence upon, 318–319 historical, 7 limits to, 13 thermodynamic limits, 12 hair, collective, 284, 322 half life, see nucleus, radioactive decay, half life heat, 73–76 capacity, 85–86, 152 generation, 84–85 home heating, 86–88, 96, 334 loss rate (homes), 87 loss rate(homes), 334 of fusion, ice, 152 of vaporization, 177 R-value, 87 waste, 10, 84, 396–397 heat engine, 90, 92, 88–94 0 K limit, 94 efficiency, 93–94 heat pump, 95, 95–99 > 100% magic?, 96 COP, 97 EER, 97–98 efficiency, 95–97 geothermal, 99 HSPF, 98 historical growth, see growth, historical hockey stick curve, 31, 115 hotting up, see climate change HSPF (heat pump), 98 Hubbert, M. King, 116, 130 human adaptation, see behavioral adaptation awareness, 328–330 communication, 46–47, 310, 330–332 diet choices, 341–342 evolution, 58, 312, 318, 408–411 long term prospects, 117, 404–410 metabolism, 11, 72, 74, 104, 168, 397 personality, see personality values, 343–344 hydroelectric power, 164, 173–181, 295 capacity factor, 176 dam concept, 175 efficiency, 176 global usage, 180 in the U.S., 106, 108, 109, 178–179 pros <strong>and</strong> cons, 180, 295 theoretical potential, 177–178 hydrogen fuel, 122, 286 hydrological cycle, 177 ice melt, 152, 153, 154, 156, 156, 156 ideal gas law, 89, 381–382 individual action, 309–310, 332–343 infrared radiation, 10, 145, 146, 143–146, 147 universality, 11 intensity, energy, 18–21, 24 interest, see exponential, interest inverse functions, 5, 370 Jevons paradox, 23 Jevons, William Stanley, 23 Keeling curve, 139, 139, 142, 142 Keeling, Dave, 139 kinetic energy, 184, 184–185 Las Vegas, 120, 169 light energy, 79, 197–199 photons, 79, 198, 199 Planck spectrum, 200, 199–201 Wien law, 199 logarithm, 5 logarithmic plot, 7 logistic model, 33–35 © 2021 T. W. Murphy, Jr.; Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Lic.; Freely available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/energy_ambitions.
443 caveats, 38 deer examples, 33–36 fit to data, 37 math, 33–34 overshoot, 35 MacKay, David, vii Malthus, Thomas, 27 math refresher areas <strong>and</strong> volumes, 362–363 equation manipulation, 369–370 formula hunting, 368 fractional powers, 366–367 fractions, 363–365 integer powers, 365–366 intuitive rules, 361–362 scientific notation, 367–368 units manipulation, 370–373 unnecessary precision, 359–361 Milky Way Galaxy, 9, 55, 312 mole, 78, 375–376 Mt. Everest, 58, 62 Myers–Briggs, see personality, Myers–Briggs natural gas, see fossil fuels, natural gas notation, 420 nuclear accidents, 263, 263 attitudes, 264 binding energy, 247, 249, 247–249 breeding, 259, 258–260, 296 cost, 256 fission, 165, 249–264, 296 accounting, 251–255 basics, 250–251 chain reaction, 251 plutonium, 259–260, 262 products, 250, 252, 253 pros <strong>and</strong> cons, 264, 296 thorium, 260, 296 uranium, 257, 257–258 fusion, 165, 167, 264–269, 299 cost, 267 deuterium, 266 fuel abundance, 266–267 hydrogen bomb, 266 ITER, 267 mindset, 267–268 NIF, 267 pros <strong>and</strong> cons, 268–269, 299 realities, 267–268 tritium, 266 waste, 268 implementations, 256 power plant, 250, 255, 255–257 proliferation, 262–263 radioactive waste, 261, 260–261 safety, 263, 263 strong force, 240, 245, 247 weak force, 245 weapons, 262–263, 266 nuclear energy, 106, 108 usage, 108, 109 nucleus, 240, 239–241 binding energy, 247, 249, 247–249 Chart of the Nuclides, 240, 241, 240–241, 242, 245, 259 labeling, 240 radioactive decay, 243, 244, 245, 242–245, 261 alpha, 243 beta, 244 gamma, 244 half life, 242 ocean currents, 165, 281–282, 298 oil, see fossil fuels, petroleum oil prices, 132 overshoot, 35–38 ozone, 145, 320 p<strong>and</strong>emic, 33, 351 Passive House, 87, 219 peak oil, 116, 129, 133 periodic table, 375 personality, 304–308 Big–5, 305 Myers–Briggs, 306, 307, 305–307 petroleum, see fossil fuels, petroleum photons, 21, 79, 198, 199, 227, 394 photosynthesis, 227–229 efficiency, 228–229 mass origin, 228 potato example, 228 photovoltaics, 201–206, 294 I–V curve, 205 © 2021 T. W. Murphy, Jr.; Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Lic.; Freely available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/energy_ambitions.
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UC San Diego Energy</strong
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Copyright: © 2021 T. W. Murphy, Jr
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v Preface: Before Taking the Plunge
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vii to internalize (“own") the co
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facilitating a quick return to the
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xi Contents Preface: Before Taking
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8.4 Fossil Fuel Pros and</s
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15.4.8 Pros and Co
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D.2 Cosmic Energy
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2 1 Exponential Growth Huma
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1 Exponential Growth 4 The populati
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1 Exponential Growth 6 case we get:
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1 Exponential Growth 8 10 13 <stron
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1 Exponential Growth 10 the impossi
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1 Exponential Growth 12 which we ca
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1 Exponential Growth 14 3. Our exam
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1 Exponential Growth 16 22. Adapt E
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2 Economic Growth Limits 18 But res
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2 Economic Growth Limits 20 perhaps
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2 Economic Growth Limits 22 theoret
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2 Economic Growth Limits 24 2.3 Phy
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2 Economic Growth Limits 26 who wan
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2 Economic Growth Limits 28 Just be
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30 3 Population Underlying virtuall
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3 Population 32 In more recent year
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3 Population 34 which is really jus
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3 Population 36 Definition 3.2.3 Ov
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3 Population 38 halfway to the limi
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3 Population 40 50 Niger Birth rate
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3 Population 42 Figure 3.14: Absolu
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3 Population 44 Country Population
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3 Population 46 continue until all
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3 Population 48 began to climb, lea
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3 Population 50 think that is (hint
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3 Population 52 22. The set of diag
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54 4 Space Exploration vs. Coloniza
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4 Space Colonization 56 Body Symbol
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4 Space Colonization 58 scale of th
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4 Space Colonization 60 4.3 A Host
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4 Space Colonization 62 Hum
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4 Space Colonization 64 4.5 Upshot:
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4 Space Colonization 66 Americans g
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Summary of Current Charges (See pag
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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84 6 Putting Thermal Energy
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6 Putting Thermal Energy</s
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102 7 The Energy L
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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114 8 Fossil Fuels We are now ready
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8 Fossil Fuels 116 ultimately consi
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8 Fossil Fuels 118 16 14 12 gas 2 T
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8 Fossil Fuels 120 barrel of crude
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8 Fossil Fuels 122 Note that fossil
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8 Fossil Fuels 124 problem of uncer
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8 Fossil Fuels 126 4. Increased dif
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8 Fossil Fuels 128 rate at which it
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8 Fossil Fuels 130 The U.S. experie
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8 Fossil Fuels 132 Box 8.3: Resourc
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8 Fossil Fuels 134 scarcity <strong
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8 Fossil Fuels 136 occupies 7.4 mL
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138 9 Climate Change Climate change
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9 Climate Change 140 When the measu
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9 Climate Change 142 80 CO2 ppmV an
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9 Climate Change 144 (p. 10) that t
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9 Climate Change 146 change, but a
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9 Climate Change 148 9.3 Possible T
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9 Climate Change 150 140 CO2 ppmV a
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9 Climate Change 152 directly escap
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9 Climate Change 154 component math
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9 Climate Change 156 1880, sea leve
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9 Climate Change 158 The last chapt
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9 Climate Change 160 skeptic” who
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9 Climate Change 162 forcing is 3
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164 10 Renewable Overview We now un
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10 Renewable Overview 166 The sun w
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10 Renewable Overview 168 Treating
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10 Renewable Overview 170 Source qB
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10 Renewable Overview 172 sun overh
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11 Hydroelectric Energy</st
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184 12 Wind Energy
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12 Wind Energy 186
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12 Wind Energy 188
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12 Wind Energy 190
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12 Wind Energy 192
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12 Wind Energy 194
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12 Wind Energy 196
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13 Solar Energy 19
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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14 Biological Energy</stron
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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16 Small Players 276 0.1 W/m 2 , ma
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16 Small Players 278 heat to diffus
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16 Small Players 280 not expect geo
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16 Small Players 282 almost 200 tim
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16 Small Players 284 It’s not an
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16 Small Players 286 16.5 Hydrogen
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16 Small Players 288 5. What are yo
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 290 v
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 292 p
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 294 <
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 296 T
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 298 I
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 300 T
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 302 5
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304 18 Human Facto
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18 Human Factors 3
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18 Human Factors 3
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18 Human Factors 3
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18 Human Factors 3
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18 Human Factors 3
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316 19 A Plan Might Be Welcome Havi
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 318 ther
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 320 Box
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 322 econ
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 324 In e
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 326 19.4
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328 20 Adaptation Strategies We mad
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20 Adaptation Strategies 330 debate
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20 Adaptation Strategies 332 the en
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20 Adaptation Strategies 334 20.3.2
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20 Adaptation Strategies 336 Exampl
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20 Adaptation Strategies 338 Exampl
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20 Adaptation Strategies 340 Defini
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20 Adaptation Strategies 342 Since
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20 Adaptation Strategies 344 2. kee
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20 Adaptation Strategies 346 Try mo
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20 Adaptation Strategies 348 a) lap
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350 Epilogue This book may be distr
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Epilogue 352 ◮ Fossil fuels are a
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354 Image Attributions 1. Cover Pho
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356 Changes and Co
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Part V Appendices
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A.1 Relax on the Decimals 360 What
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A.3 Areas and Volu
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A.4 Fractions 364 Figure A.1: Paral
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A.6 Fractional Powers 366 writing t
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A.8 Equation Hunting 368 to perform
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A.10 Units Manipulation 370 Looks l
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A.10 Units Manipulation 372 we soug
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A.11 Just the Start 374 useful foun
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B.2 Stoichiometry 376 other element
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B.2 Stoichiometry 378 + C + O 2 CO
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B.3 Chemical Energy</strong
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B.4 Ideal Gas Law 382 Example B.4.2
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C Selected Answers 384 10. May help
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C Selected Answers 386 19. Twice, t
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C Selected Answers 388 Chapter 11 1
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C Selected Answers 390 13. Box bare
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Page 414 and 415: D.2 Cosmic Energy
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Page 418 and 419: D.3 Electrified Transport 398 Box 1
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Page 428 and 429: D.6 Too Smart to Succeed? 408 Can i
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Page 432 and 433: 412 Bibliography References are in
Page 434 and 435: 414 [30] International Space Statio
Page 436 and 437: 416 [63] NASA. The NASA Earth’s <
Page 438 and 439: 418 [97] D A Pfeiffer. Eating Fossi
Page 440 and 441: 420 Notation This list describes se
Page 442 and 443: 422 Glossary AC alternating current
Page 444 and 445: 424 thing as a kilocalorie. Note th
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Page 448 and 449: 428 EROEI Energy R
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Page 452 and 453: 432 kWh kilowatt-hour. 76, 159, 214
Page 454 and 455: 434 parts per million by mass (ppm
Page 456 and 457: 436 refinement is the process by wh
Page 458 and 459: 438 triton is the nucleus of tritiu
Page 460 and 461: 440 fossil fuel intensity, 138 hist
Page 464 and 465: 444 capacity factor, 216, 217 cell
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